Stress Can Induce Bovine Alpha-Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Reactivation from Latency
<span style="color: windowtext;"></span>Bovine alpha-herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a significant problem for the cattle industry, in part because the virus establishes latency, and stressful stimuli increase the incidence of reactivation from latency. Sensory neurons in trigeminal...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Fouad El-Mayet Clinton Jones |
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| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <span style="color: windowtext;"></span>Bovine alpha-herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a significant problem for the cattle industry, in part because the virus establishes latency, and stressful stimuli increase the incidence of reactivation from latency. Sensory neurons in trigeminal ganglia and unknown cells in pharyngeal tonsils are important<br>sites for latency. Reactivation from latency can lead to reproductive problems in pregnant cows, virus transmission to young calves, suppression of immune responses, and bacterial pneumonia. BoHV-1 is also a significant cofactor in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Stress, as mimicked by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone, reproducibly initiates reactivation from latency. Stress-mediated activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stimulates viral replication and transactivation of viral promoters that drive the expression of infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) and bICP4. Notably, GR and Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) form a feed-forward transcription loop that cooperatively transactivates immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1 promoter). Two pioneer transcription factors, GR and KLF4, cooperatively transactivate the bICP0 early promoter. Pioneer transcription factors bind silent viral heterochromatin, remodel chromatin, and activate gene expression. Thus, we<br>predict that these novel transcription factors mediate early stages of BoHV-1 reactivation from latency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-80f9ffaa74924385b2d9b5147e98f460 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-80f9ffaa74924385b2d9b5147e98f4602025-08-20T01:54:04ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-10-011611167510.3390/v16111675Stress Can Induce Bovine Alpha-Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Reactivation from LatencyFouad El-Mayet0Clinton Jones1Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA<span style="color: windowtext;"></span>Bovine alpha-herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a significant problem for the cattle industry, in part because the virus establishes latency, and stressful stimuli increase the incidence of reactivation from latency. Sensory neurons in trigeminal ganglia and unknown cells in pharyngeal tonsils are important<br>sites for latency. Reactivation from latency can lead to reproductive problems in pregnant cows, virus transmission to young calves, suppression of immune responses, and bacterial pneumonia. BoHV-1 is also a significant cofactor in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Stress, as mimicked by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone, reproducibly initiates reactivation from latency. Stress-mediated activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stimulates viral replication and transactivation of viral promoters that drive the expression of infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) and bICP4. Notably, GR and Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) form a feed-forward transcription loop that cooperatively transactivates immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1 promoter). Two pioneer transcription factors, GR and KLF4, cooperatively transactivate the bICP0 early promoter. Pioneer transcription factors bind silent viral heterochromatin, remodel chromatin, and activate gene expression. Thus, we<br>predict that these novel transcription factors mediate early stages of BoHV-1 reactivation from latency.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1675n/a |
| spellingShingle | Fouad El-Mayet Clinton Jones Stress Can Induce Bovine Alpha-Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Reactivation from Latency Viruses n/a |
| title | Stress Can Induce Bovine Alpha-Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Reactivation from Latency |
| title_full | Stress Can Induce Bovine Alpha-Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Reactivation from Latency |
| title_fullStr | Stress Can Induce Bovine Alpha-Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Reactivation from Latency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stress Can Induce Bovine Alpha-Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Reactivation from Latency |
| title_short | Stress Can Induce Bovine Alpha-Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Reactivation from Latency |
| title_sort | stress can induce bovine alpha herpesvirus 1 bohv 1 reactivation from latency |
| topic | n/a |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/11/1675 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fouadelmayet stresscaninducebovinealphaherpesvirus1bohv1reactivationfromlatency AT clintonjones stresscaninducebovinealphaherpesvirus1bohv1reactivationfromlatency |