Upward negative leaders in positive triggered lightning: Stepping and branching in the initial stage
Abstract By conducting comprehensive observation on the rarely triggered positive lightning flashes, two cases of upward negative leaders were quantitatively investigated with simultaneous data of current, optical, and electromagnetic field changes at fine time resolution. The impulsive channel curr...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-07-01
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| Series: | Geophysical Research Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074228 |
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| _version_ | 1849725414303334400 |
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| author | Yunjiao Pu Rubin Jiang Xiushu Qie Mingyuan Liu Hongbo Zhang Yanfeng Fan Xueke Wu |
| author_facet | Yunjiao Pu Rubin Jiang Xiushu Qie Mingyuan Liu Hongbo Zhang Yanfeng Fan Xueke Wu |
| author_sort | Yunjiao Pu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract By conducting comprehensive observation on the rarely triggered positive lightning flashes, two cases of upward negative leaders were quantitatively investigated with simultaneous data of current, optical, and electromagnetic field changes at fine time resolution. The impulsive channel current associated with the initial leader stepping involved pulse interval, peak, charge of 19.1 μs, 122.3 Å, 465.9 μC, and 20.3 μs, 58.4 Å, 267.2 μC, for the two cases, respectively. The negative charge of an individual step was nearly an order of magnitude larger than that of the positive leader step in triggered lightning. The upward negative stepped leader branches shortly after initiation, and consequently, the stepping‐caused current pulses became multipeaked, wider, and more frequent in waveforms. The main leader tip propagated at an average speed of 2.10 × 105 m/s, while its partial speed fluctuated a lot as was significantly influenced by the behaviors of subbranches development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-80d957a3a3d942e687040c09dee3623f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geophysical Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-80d957a3a3d942e687040c09dee3623f2025-08-20T03:10:28ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072017-07-0144137029703510.1002/2017GL074228Upward negative leaders in positive triggered lightning: Stepping and branching in the initial stageYunjiao Pu0Rubin Jiang1Xiushu Qie2Mingyuan Liu3Hongbo Zhang4Yanfeng Fan5Xueke Wu6Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaKey Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing ChinaCollege of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou ChinaAbstract By conducting comprehensive observation on the rarely triggered positive lightning flashes, two cases of upward negative leaders were quantitatively investigated with simultaneous data of current, optical, and electromagnetic field changes at fine time resolution. The impulsive channel current associated with the initial leader stepping involved pulse interval, peak, charge of 19.1 μs, 122.3 Å, 465.9 μC, and 20.3 μs, 58.4 Å, 267.2 μC, for the two cases, respectively. The negative charge of an individual step was nearly an order of magnitude larger than that of the positive leader step in triggered lightning. The upward negative stepped leader branches shortly after initiation, and consequently, the stepping‐caused current pulses became multipeaked, wider, and more frequent in waveforms. The main leader tip propagated at an average speed of 2.10 × 105 m/s, while its partial speed fluctuated a lot as was significantly influenced by the behaviors of subbranches development.https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074228upward negative leadertriggered lightningpositive lightningstepped leaderbranching |
| spellingShingle | Yunjiao Pu Rubin Jiang Xiushu Qie Mingyuan Liu Hongbo Zhang Yanfeng Fan Xueke Wu Upward negative leaders in positive triggered lightning: Stepping and branching in the initial stage Geophysical Research Letters upward negative leader triggered lightning positive lightning stepped leader branching |
| title | Upward negative leaders in positive triggered lightning: Stepping and branching in the initial stage |
| title_full | Upward negative leaders in positive triggered lightning: Stepping and branching in the initial stage |
| title_fullStr | Upward negative leaders in positive triggered lightning: Stepping and branching in the initial stage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Upward negative leaders in positive triggered lightning: Stepping and branching in the initial stage |
| title_short | Upward negative leaders in positive triggered lightning: Stepping and branching in the initial stage |
| title_sort | upward negative leaders in positive triggered lightning stepping and branching in the initial stage |
| topic | upward negative leader triggered lightning positive lightning stepped leader branching |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074228 |
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