Electro-Enhanced Gas Fermentation for Bioproduction of Volatile Fatty Acids and Alcohols

This study investigates sub-stoichiometric electron supply, also termed electro-fermentation, to influence product formation in gas fermentation. Two species, <i>Clostridium carboxidivorans</i> and <i>Alkalibaculum bacchi</i>, as well as a co-culture of <i>A. bacchi<...

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Main Authors: Clemens Hiebl, Werner Fuchs
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/249
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author Clemens Hiebl
Werner Fuchs
author_facet Clemens Hiebl
Werner Fuchs
author_sort Clemens Hiebl
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates sub-stoichiometric electron supply, also termed electro-fermentation, to influence product formation in gas fermentation. Two species, <i>Clostridium carboxidivorans</i> and <i>Alkalibaculum bacchi</i>, as well as a co-culture of <i>A. bacchi</i> and <i>Clostridium kluyveri</i>, were tested in batch cultures with and without an external cell potential of 800 mV. The supplied gas mixture was 50:40:10 N<sub>2</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>:CO<sub>2</sub>. The test unit was a single-chamber reactor with a cathode made from an electrically conducting composite of PP and black carbon. The observed current densities were generally very low, around 0.22 mA/m<sup>2</sup>. Despite that, a significant and reproducible change in product patterns and formation rates occurred. <i>C. carboxidivorans</i> increased the formation of acetate (+32%), butyrate (+300% relative to the control), and caproate (+600% relative to the control). In a similar manner, <i>A. bacchi</i> produced more acetate (+38%), butyrate (13 times more than the control), and caproate (only observed in the electrified setup). Additional trials using a modified gas phase composition, 80:20 H<sub>2</sub>:CO<sub>2</sub>, confirmed the finding that the application of an electric potential enhances chain elongation as well as alcohol formation. Moreover, an experiment with reversed electric polarity showed that a high cathode surface area is essential for inducing metabolic modifications. The results demonstrate that electro-fermentation holds significant potential for improving bioconversion processes aimed at producing green chemicals.
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spelling doaj-art-80c7fb9a1aff40d8ac0e64fa80722d1f2025-08-20T02:04:02ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-0113224910.3390/microorganisms13020249Electro-Enhanced Gas Fermentation for Bioproduction of Volatile Fatty Acids and AlcoholsClemens Hiebl0Werner Fuchs1Department IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, BOKU University, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, AustriaDepartment IFA-Tulln, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, BOKU University, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, AustriaThis study investigates sub-stoichiometric electron supply, also termed electro-fermentation, to influence product formation in gas fermentation. Two species, <i>Clostridium carboxidivorans</i> and <i>Alkalibaculum bacchi</i>, as well as a co-culture of <i>A. bacchi</i> and <i>Clostridium kluyveri</i>, were tested in batch cultures with and without an external cell potential of 800 mV. The supplied gas mixture was 50:40:10 N<sub>2</sub>:H<sub>2</sub>:CO<sub>2</sub>. The test unit was a single-chamber reactor with a cathode made from an electrically conducting composite of PP and black carbon. The observed current densities were generally very low, around 0.22 mA/m<sup>2</sup>. Despite that, a significant and reproducible change in product patterns and formation rates occurred. <i>C. carboxidivorans</i> increased the formation of acetate (+32%), butyrate (+300% relative to the control), and caproate (+600% relative to the control). In a similar manner, <i>A. bacchi</i> produced more acetate (+38%), butyrate (13 times more than the control), and caproate (only observed in the electrified setup). Additional trials using a modified gas phase composition, 80:20 H<sub>2</sub>:CO<sub>2</sub>, confirmed the finding that the application of an electric potential enhances chain elongation as well as alcohol formation. Moreover, an experiment with reversed electric polarity showed that a high cathode surface area is essential for inducing metabolic modifications. The results demonstrate that electro-fermentation holds significant potential for improving bioconversion processes aimed at producing green chemicals.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/249electro-fermentationgas fermentationsub-stoichiometric electron supplychain elongation<i>C. carboxidivorans</i><i>A. bacchi</i>
spellingShingle Clemens Hiebl
Werner Fuchs
Electro-Enhanced Gas Fermentation for Bioproduction of Volatile Fatty Acids and Alcohols
Microorganisms
electro-fermentation
gas fermentation
sub-stoichiometric electron supply
chain elongation
<i>C. carboxidivorans</i>
<i>A. bacchi</i>
title Electro-Enhanced Gas Fermentation for Bioproduction of Volatile Fatty Acids and Alcohols
title_full Electro-Enhanced Gas Fermentation for Bioproduction of Volatile Fatty Acids and Alcohols
title_fullStr Electro-Enhanced Gas Fermentation for Bioproduction of Volatile Fatty Acids and Alcohols
title_full_unstemmed Electro-Enhanced Gas Fermentation for Bioproduction of Volatile Fatty Acids and Alcohols
title_short Electro-Enhanced Gas Fermentation for Bioproduction of Volatile Fatty Acids and Alcohols
title_sort electro enhanced gas fermentation for bioproduction of volatile fatty acids and alcohols
topic electro-fermentation
gas fermentation
sub-stoichiometric electron supply
chain elongation
<i>C. carboxidivorans</i>
<i>A. bacchi</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/249
work_keys_str_mv AT clemenshiebl electroenhancedgasfermentationforbioproductionofvolatilefattyacidsandalcohols
AT wernerfuchs electroenhancedgasfermentationforbioproductionofvolatilefattyacidsandalcohols