Clinical and Economic Evaluation of a Real-Time Chest X-Ray Computer-Aided Detection System for Misplaced Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes and Pneumothorax in Emergency and Critical Care Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundAdvancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have driven substantial breakthroughs in computer-aided detection (CAD) for chest x-ray (CXR) imaging. The National Taiwan University Hospital research team previously developed an AI-based emergency CXR system (Capstone...

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Main Authors: Chu-Lin Tsai, Teresa Cheng-Chieh Chu, Chih-Hung Wang, Wei-Tien Chang, Min-Shan Tsai, Shih-Chi Ku, Yen-Hung Lin, Hao-Chih Tai, Shuenn-Wen Kuo, Kuo-Chuan Wang, Anne Chao, Sung-Chun Tang, Wei-Lun Liu, Ming-Han Tsai, Ting-Ann Wang, Shu-Lin Chuang, Yi-Chia Lee, Lu-Cheng Kuo, Chiuan-Jung Chen, Jia-Horng Kao, Weichung Wang, Chien-Hua Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JMIR Publications 2025-08-01
Series:JMIR Research Protocols
Online Access:https://www.researchprotocols.org/2025/1/e72928
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author Chu-Lin Tsai
Teresa Cheng-Chieh Chu
Chih-Hung Wang
Wei-Tien Chang
Min-Shan Tsai
Shih-Chi Ku
Yen-Hung Lin
Hao-Chih Tai
Shuenn-Wen Kuo
Kuo-Chuan Wang
Anne Chao
Sung-Chun Tang
Wei-Lun Liu
Ming-Han Tsai
Ting-Ann Wang
Shu-Lin Chuang
Yi-Chia Lee
Lu-Cheng Kuo
Chiuan-Jung Chen
Jia-Horng Kao
Weichung Wang
Chien-Hua Huang
author_facet Chu-Lin Tsai
Teresa Cheng-Chieh Chu
Chih-Hung Wang
Wei-Tien Chang
Min-Shan Tsai
Shih-Chi Ku
Yen-Hung Lin
Hao-Chih Tai
Shuenn-Wen Kuo
Kuo-Chuan Wang
Anne Chao
Sung-Chun Tang
Wei-Lun Liu
Ming-Han Tsai
Ting-Ann Wang
Shu-Lin Chuang
Yi-Chia Lee
Lu-Cheng Kuo
Chiuan-Jung Chen
Jia-Horng Kao
Weichung Wang
Chien-Hua Huang
author_sort Chu-Lin Tsai
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAdvancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have driven substantial breakthroughs in computer-aided detection (CAD) for chest x-ray (CXR) imaging. The National Taiwan University Hospital research team previously developed an AI-based emergency CXR system (Capstone project), which led to the creation of a CXR module. This CXR module has an established model supported by extensive research and is ready for application in clinical trials without requiring additional model training. This study will use 3 submodules of the system: detection of misplaced endotracheal tubes, detection of misplaced nasogastric tubes, and identification of pneumothorax. ObjectiveThis study aims to apply a real-time CXR CAD system in emergency and critical care settings to evaluate its clinical and economic benefits without requiring additional CXR examinations or altering standard care and procedures. The study will evaluate the impact of CAD system on mortality reduction, postintubation complications, hospital stay duration, workload, and interpretation time, as wells as conduct a cost-effectiveness comparison with standard care. MethodsThis study adopts a pilot trial and cluster randomized controlled trial design, with random assignment conducted at the ward level. In the intervention group, units are granted access to AI diagnostic results, while the control group continues standard care practices. Consent will be obtained from attending physicians, residents, and advanced practice nurses in each participating ward. Once consent is secured, these health care providers in the intervention group will be authorized to use the CAD system. Intervention units will have access to AI-generated interpretations, whereas control units will maintain routine medical procedures without access to the AI diagnostic outputs. ResultsThe study was funded in September 2024. Data collection is expected to last from January 2026 to December 2027. ConclusionsThis study anticipates that the real-time CXR CAD system will automate the identification and detection of misplaced endotracheal and nasogastric tubes on CXRs, as well as assist clinicians in diagnosing pneumothorax. By reducing the workload of physicians, the system is expected to shorten the time required to detect tube misplacement and pneumothorax, decrease patient mortality and hospital stays, and ultimately lower health care costs. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/72928
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series JMIR Research Protocols
spelling doaj-art-80c184ee321a4dbf96fa6c76d62417072025-08-20T19:01:13ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Research Protocols1929-07482025-08-0114e7292810.2196/72928Clinical and Economic Evaluation of a Real-Time Chest X-Ray Computer-Aided Detection System for Misplaced Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes and Pneumothorax in Emergency and Critical Care Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled TrialChu-Lin Tsaihttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-1513Teresa Cheng-Chieh Chuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8682-5825Chih-Hung Wanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0802-7825Wei-Tien Changhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-7932Min-Shan Tsaihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-7572Shih-Chi Kuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-0967Yen-Hung Linhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-1441Hao-Chih Taihttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8155-3077Shuenn-Wen Kuohttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5026-5582Kuo-Chuan Wanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4083-4689Anne Chaohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7170-3817Sung-Chun Tanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-5973Wei-Lun Liuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8593-8492Ming-Han Tsaihttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-6956-3641Ting-Ann Wanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-8541Shu-Lin Chuanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-080XYi-Chia Leehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-1216Lu-Cheng Kuohttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-5197Chiuan-Jung Chenhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-5418-6507Jia-Horng Kaohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-7952Weichung Wanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6154-7750Chien-Hua Huanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-4537 BackgroundAdvancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have driven substantial breakthroughs in computer-aided detection (CAD) for chest x-ray (CXR) imaging. The National Taiwan University Hospital research team previously developed an AI-based emergency CXR system (Capstone project), which led to the creation of a CXR module. This CXR module has an established model supported by extensive research and is ready for application in clinical trials without requiring additional model training. This study will use 3 submodules of the system: detection of misplaced endotracheal tubes, detection of misplaced nasogastric tubes, and identification of pneumothorax. ObjectiveThis study aims to apply a real-time CXR CAD system in emergency and critical care settings to evaluate its clinical and economic benefits without requiring additional CXR examinations or altering standard care and procedures. The study will evaluate the impact of CAD system on mortality reduction, postintubation complications, hospital stay duration, workload, and interpretation time, as wells as conduct a cost-effectiveness comparison with standard care. MethodsThis study adopts a pilot trial and cluster randomized controlled trial design, with random assignment conducted at the ward level. In the intervention group, units are granted access to AI diagnostic results, while the control group continues standard care practices. Consent will be obtained from attending physicians, residents, and advanced practice nurses in each participating ward. Once consent is secured, these health care providers in the intervention group will be authorized to use the CAD system. Intervention units will have access to AI-generated interpretations, whereas control units will maintain routine medical procedures without access to the AI diagnostic outputs. ResultsThe study was funded in September 2024. Data collection is expected to last from January 2026 to December 2027. ConclusionsThis study anticipates that the real-time CXR CAD system will automate the identification and detection of misplaced endotracheal and nasogastric tubes on CXRs, as well as assist clinicians in diagnosing pneumothorax. By reducing the workload of physicians, the system is expected to shorten the time required to detect tube misplacement and pneumothorax, decrease patient mortality and hospital stays, and ultimately lower health care costs. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/72928https://www.researchprotocols.org/2025/1/e72928
spellingShingle Chu-Lin Tsai
Teresa Cheng-Chieh Chu
Chih-Hung Wang
Wei-Tien Chang
Min-Shan Tsai
Shih-Chi Ku
Yen-Hung Lin
Hao-Chih Tai
Shuenn-Wen Kuo
Kuo-Chuan Wang
Anne Chao
Sung-Chun Tang
Wei-Lun Liu
Ming-Han Tsai
Ting-Ann Wang
Shu-Lin Chuang
Yi-Chia Lee
Lu-Cheng Kuo
Chiuan-Jung Chen
Jia-Horng Kao
Weichung Wang
Chien-Hua Huang
Clinical and Economic Evaluation of a Real-Time Chest X-Ray Computer-Aided Detection System for Misplaced Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes and Pneumothorax in Emergency and Critical Care Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
JMIR Research Protocols
title Clinical and Economic Evaluation of a Real-Time Chest X-Ray Computer-Aided Detection System for Misplaced Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes and Pneumothorax in Emergency and Critical Care Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full Clinical and Economic Evaluation of a Real-Time Chest X-Ray Computer-Aided Detection System for Misplaced Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes and Pneumothorax in Emergency and Critical Care Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
title_fullStr Clinical and Economic Evaluation of a Real-Time Chest X-Ray Computer-Aided Detection System for Misplaced Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes and Pneumothorax in Emergency and Critical Care Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed Clinical and Economic Evaluation of a Real-Time Chest X-Ray Computer-Aided Detection System for Misplaced Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes and Pneumothorax in Emergency and Critical Care Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
title_short Clinical and Economic Evaluation of a Real-Time Chest X-Ray Computer-Aided Detection System for Misplaced Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes and Pneumothorax in Emergency and Critical Care Settings: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
title_sort clinical and economic evaluation of a real time chest x ray computer aided detection system for misplaced endotracheal and nasogastric tubes and pneumothorax in emergency and critical care settings protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
url https://www.researchprotocols.org/2025/1/e72928
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