Clinical-radiomics hybrid modeling outperforms conventional models: machine learning enhances stratification of adverse prognostic features in prostate cancer

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop MRI-based radiomics machine learning models for predicting adverse pathological prognostic features in prostate cancer and to explore the feasibility of integrating radiomics with clinical characteristics to improve preoperative risk stratification, addressing th...

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Main Authors: Minghan Jiang, Zeyang Miao, Run Xu, Mengyao Guo, Xuefeng Li, Guanwu Li, Peng Luo, Su Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1625158/full
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author Minghan Jiang
Minghan Jiang
Zeyang Miao
Run Xu
Mengyao Guo
Xuefeng Li
Guanwu Li
Peng Luo
Su Hu
Su Hu
author_facet Minghan Jiang
Minghan Jiang
Zeyang Miao
Run Xu
Mengyao Guo
Xuefeng Li
Guanwu Li
Peng Luo
Su Hu
Su Hu
author_sort Minghan Jiang
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop MRI-based radiomics machine learning models for predicting adverse pathological prognostic features in prostate cancer and to explore the feasibility of integrating radiomics with clinical characteristics to improve preoperative risk stratification, addressing the limitations of conventional clinical models.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 137 prostate cancer patients between January 2021 and April 2023 with preoperative MRI and postoperative pathology data was divided into adverse-feature-positive (n=85) and negative (n=52) groups. Regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated on ADC and T2WI sequences, and 31 radiomics features were extracted using PyRadiomics. LASSO regression selected optimal features, followed by model construction via five algorithms (logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, SVM, AdaBoost). Clinical models incorporated three variables: biopsy Gleason grade, total PSA, and prostate volume. The best-performing radiomics model was combined with clinical features to build a hybrid model. Model performance was evaluated by AUC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsPatients were randomly split into training (n=95) and validation (n=42) cohorts. The random forest model using ADC-T2WI combined features achieved the highest AUC (0.832; 95% CI: 0.706–0.958) in the validation set, outperforming the clinical model (AUC=0.772). The hybrid model demonstrated superior performance (AUC=0.909; 95% CI: 0.822–0.995), with sensitivity=0.813, specificity=0.885, and accuracy=0.857. Calibration and DCA confirmed its robust clinical utility (p<0.01 vs. single models).ConclusionsThe biparametric MRI radiomics-random forest model effectively predicts adverse pathological features in prostate cancer. Integration with clinical characteristics further enhances predictive accuracy, offering a non-invasive tool for preoperative risk stratification and personalized treatment planning.
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spelling doaj-art-80b6f00cf00340708dc85e08ef998d2c2025-08-20T03:44:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-08-011510.3389/fonc.2025.16251581625158Clinical-radiomics hybrid modeling outperforms conventional models: machine learning enhances stratification of adverse prognostic features in prostate cancerMinghan Jiang0Minghan Jiang1Zeyang Miao2Run Xu3Mengyao Guo4Xuefeng Li5Guanwu Li6Peng Luo7Su Hu8Su Hu9Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaInstitute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, ChinaObjectiveThis study aimed to develop MRI-based radiomics machine learning models for predicting adverse pathological prognostic features in prostate cancer and to explore the feasibility of integrating radiomics with clinical characteristics to improve preoperative risk stratification, addressing the limitations of conventional clinical models.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 137 prostate cancer patients between January 2021 and April 2023 with preoperative MRI and postoperative pathology data was divided into adverse-feature-positive (n=85) and negative (n=52) groups. Regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated on ADC and T2WI sequences, and 31 radiomics features were extracted using PyRadiomics. LASSO regression selected optimal features, followed by model construction via five algorithms (logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, SVM, AdaBoost). Clinical models incorporated three variables: biopsy Gleason grade, total PSA, and prostate volume. The best-performing radiomics model was combined with clinical features to build a hybrid model. Model performance was evaluated by AUC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsPatients were randomly split into training (n=95) and validation (n=42) cohorts. The random forest model using ADC-T2WI combined features achieved the highest AUC (0.832; 95% CI: 0.706–0.958) in the validation set, outperforming the clinical model (AUC=0.772). The hybrid model demonstrated superior performance (AUC=0.909; 95% CI: 0.822–0.995), with sensitivity=0.813, specificity=0.885, and accuracy=0.857. Calibration and DCA confirmed its robust clinical utility (p<0.01 vs. single models).ConclusionsThe biparametric MRI radiomics-random forest model effectively predicts adverse pathological features in prostate cancer. Integration with clinical characteristics further enhances predictive accuracy, offering a non-invasive tool for preoperative risk stratification and personalized treatment planning.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1625158/fullprostate cancermagnetic resonance imagingradiomicsmachine learningbiparametric MRI
spellingShingle Minghan Jiang
Minghan Jiang
Zeyang Miao
Run Xu
Mengyao Guo
Xuefeng Li
Guanwu Li
Peng Luo
Su Hu
Su Hu
Clinical-radiomics hybrid modeling outperforms conventional models: machine learning enhances stratification of adverse prognostic features in prostate cancer
Frontiers in Oncology
prostate cancer
magnetic resonance imaging
radiomics
machine learning
biparametric MRI
title Clinical-radiomics hybrid modeling outperforms conventional models: machine learning enhances stratification of adverse prognostic features in prostate cancer
title_full Clinical-radiomics hybrid modeling outperforms conventional models: machine learning enhances stratification of adverse prognostic features in prostate cancer
title_fullStr Clinical-radiomics hybrid modeling outperforms conventional models: machine learning enhances stratification of adverse prognostic features in prostate cancer
title_full_unstemmed Clinical-radiomics hybrid modeling outperforms conventional models: machine learning enhances stratification of adverse prognostic features in prostate cancer
title_short Clinical-radiomics hybrid modeling outperforms conventional models: machine learning enhances stratification of adverse prognostic features in prostate cancer
title_sort clinical radiomics hybrid modeling outperforms conventional models machine learning enhances stratification of adverse prognostic features in prostate cancer
topic prostate cancer
magnetic resonance imaging
radiomics
machine learning
biparametric MRI
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1625158/full
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