Synthesis of Three Ternary NiPP@PDA@DTA by Bridging Polydopamine and Its Flame Retardancy in Epoxy Resin
Epoxy resin (EP) is an indispensable packaging material for batteries. Excellent thermal and flame-retardant properties of EP can ensure the safety performance of batteries. To solve the low-efficiency flame retardant of EP, nickel phenyl phosphate (NiPP) was synthesized and its surface was modified...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Wenxin Zhu Huiyu Chai Yue Lu Wang Zhan Qinghong Kong |
| author_facet | Wenxin Zhu Huiyu Chai Yue Lu Wang Zhan Qinghong Kong |
| author_sort | Wenxin Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epoxy resin (EP) is an indispensable packaging material for batteries. Excellent thermal and flame-retardant properties of EP can ensure the safety performance of batteries. To solve the low-efficiency flame retardant of EP, nickel phenyl phosphate (NiPP) was synthesized and its surface was modified by polymerization of dopamine (PDA). [3-(hydroxy-phenyl-methylidene) imimine] triazole (DTA) was synthesized using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxygen-10-phosphophene-10-oxide (DOPO), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The hybrid flame retardance NiPP@PDA@DTA was further synthesized by self-assembly between the negative charge on the surface of DTA and the positive charge on the surface of modified NiPP@PDA. Then, NiPP@PDA@DTA was added to EP to prepare EP/NiPP@PDA@DTA composites. The results showed that the incorporation of NiPP@PDA@DTA promoted the residual yield at high temperatures. Furthermore, EP composites showed excellent flame retardancy when NiPP@PDA@DTA was added. The EP/4 wt% NiPP@PDA@DTA composites can reach UL-94 V0 grade with a limit oxygen index (LOI) of 33.7%. While the heat release rate (HRR), total release rate (THR), CO<sub>2</sub> production (CO<sub>2</sub>P) and total smoke release (TSR) of EP/4 wt% NiPP@PDA@DTA composites decreased by 16.9%, 30.8%, 16.9% and 27.7% compared with those of EP. These improvements are mainly due to the excellent catalytic carbonization performance of Ni metal and P compounds. The azazole and phosphaphenanthrene groups have the effects of dilution quenching in the gas phase and cross-linking network blocking, as well as enhanced blowing-out effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-80b5243e8d97441db0da414026071f56 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj-art-80b5243e8d97441db0da414026071f562025-08-20T02:01:00ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052024-12-01101242810.3390/batteries10120428Synthesis of Three Ternary NiPP@PDA@DTA by Bridging Polydopamine and Its Flame Retardancy in Epoxy ResinWenxin Zhu0Huiyu Chai1Yue Lu2Wang Zhan3Qinghong Kong4School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaEpoxy resin (EP) is an indispensable packaging material for batteries. Excellent thermal and flame-retardant properties of EP can ensure the safety performance of batteries. To solve the low-efficiency flame retardant of EP, nickel phenyl phosphate (NiPP) was synthesized and its surface was modified by polymerization of dopamine (PDA). [3-(hydroxy-phenyl-methylidene) imimine] triazole (DTA) was synthesized using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxygen-10-phosphophene-10-oxide (DOPO), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The hybrid flame retardance NiPP@PDA@DTA was further synthesized by self-assembly between the negative charge on the surface of DTA and the positive charge on the surface of modified NiPP@PDA. Then, NiPP@PDA@DTA was added to EP to prepare EP/NiPP@PDA@DTA composites. The results showed that the incorporation of NiPP@PDA@DTA promoted the residual yield at high temperatures. Furthermore, EP composites showed excellent flame retardancy when NiPP@PDA@DTA was added. The EP/4 wt% NiPP@PDA@DTA composites can reach UL-94 V0 grade with a limit oxygen index (LOI) of 33.7%. While the heat release rate (HRR), total release rate (THR), CO<sub>2</sub> production (CO<sub>2</sub>P) and total smoke release (TSR) of EP/4 wt% NiPP@PDA@DTA composites decreased by 16.9%, 30.8%, 16.9% and 27.7% compared with those of EP. These improvements are mainly due to the excellent catalytic carbonization performance of Ni metal and P compounds. The azazole and phosphaphenanthrene groups have the effects of dilution quenching in the gas phase and cross-linking network blocking, as well as enhanced blowing-out effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/12/428phenyl metal phosphateazazoleDOPOpackaging safetyflame retardant |
| spellingShingle | Wenxin Zhu Huiyu Chai Yue Lu Wang Zhan Qinghong Kong Synthesis of Three Ternary NiPP@PDA@DTA by Bridging Polydopamine and Its Flame Retardancy in Epoxy Resin Batteries phenyl metal phosphate azazole DOPO packaging safety flame retardant |
| title | Synthesis of Three Ternary NiPP@PDA@DTA by Bridging Polydopamine and Its Flame Retardancy in Epoxy Resin |
| title_full | Synthesis of Three Ternary NiPP@PDA@DTA by Bridging Polydopamine and Its Flame Retardancy in Epoxy Resin |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Three Ternary NiPP@PDA@DTA by Bridging Polydopamine and Its Flame Retardancy in Epoxy Resin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Three Ternary NiPP@PDA@DTA by Bridging Polydopamine and Its Flame Retardancy in Epoxy Resin |
| title_short | Synthesis of Three Ternary NiPP@PDA@DTA by Bridging Polydopamine and Its Flame Retardancy in Epoxy Resin |
| title_sort | synthesis of three ternary nipp pda dta by bridging polydopamine and its flame retardancy in epoxy resin |
| topic | phenyl metal phosphate azazole DOPO packaging safety flame retardant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/10/12/428 |
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