Predicting fall risk in older adults: A machine learning comparison of accelerometric and non-accelerometric factors

Objectives Accurate prediction of fall risk in older adults is essential to prevent injuries and improve quality of life. This study evaluates the predictive performance of various machine learning models using accelerometric data, non-accelerometric data, aiming to improve predictive accuracy and i...

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Main Authors: Ana González-Castro, José Alberto Benítez-Andrades, Rubén González-González, Camino Prada-García, Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-03-01
Series:Digital Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251331752
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author Ana González-Castro
José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
Rubén González-González
Camino Prada-García
Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez
author_facet Ana González-Castro
José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
Rubén González-González
Camino Prada-García
Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez
author_sort Ana González-Castro
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Accurate prediction of fall risk in older adults is essential to prevent injuries and improve quality of life. This study evaluates the predictive performance of various machine learning models using accelerometric data, non-accelerometric data, aiming to improve predictive accuracy and identify key contributing variable. Methods We applied random forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, LightGBM, support vector regression (SVR), decision trees, and Bayesian ridge regression to a dataset of 146 older adults. Models were trained using accelerometric data (movement patterns) and non-accelerometric data (demographic and clinical variables). Performance was evaluated based on mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), to assess how combining multiple data types influences prediction accuracy. Results Models trained on combined accelerometric and non-accelerometric data consistently outperformed those based on single data types. Bayesian ridge regression achieved the highest accuracy (MSE = 0.6746, R 2 = 0.9941), demonstrating superior performance compared to decision trees (MSE = 0.1907, R 2 = 0.8991) and SVR (MSE = 1.5243, R 2 = − 2.2532). Non-accelerometric factors, including age and comorbidities, significantly contributed to fall risk prediction. Conclusions Integrating accelerometric and non-accelerometric data improves fall risk prediction accuracy in older adults. Bayesian ridge regression trained on combined datasets provides superior predictive power compared to traditional models. These findings highlight the importance of multi-source data fusion for effective fall prevention strategies. Future work should validate these models in larger, more diverse populations to enhance clinical applicability.
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spelling doaj-art-80ae4a9cecd34f86b149e2484378cfc72025-08-20T03:42:25ZengSAGE PublishingDigital Health2055-20762025-03-011110.1177/20552076251331752Predicting fall risk in older adults: A machine learning comparison of accelerometric and non-accelerometric factorsAna González-Castro0José Alberto Benítez-Andrades1Rubén González-González2Camino Prada-García3Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez4 Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, Spain SALBIS Research Group, Department of Electric, Systems and Automatics Engineering, Universidad de León, León, Spain Department of Electric, Systems and Automatics Engineering, Escuela de Ingenierías Industrial, Informática y Aeroespacial, Universidad de León, León, Spain Dermatology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain SALBIS Research Group, Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, SpainObjectives Accurate prediction of fall risk in older adults is essential to prevent injuries and improve quality of life. This study evaluates the predictive performance of various machine learning models using accelerometric data, non-accelerometric data, aiming to improve predictive accuracy and identify key contributing variable. Methods We applied random forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, LightGBM, support vector regression (SVR), decision trees, and Bayesian ridge regression to a dataset of 146 older adults. Models were trained using accelerometric data (movement patterns) and non-accelerometric data (demographic and clinical variables). Performance was evaluated based on mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), to assess how combining multiple data types influences prediction accuracy. Results Models trained on combined accelerometric and non-accelerometric data consistently outperformed those based on single data types. Bayesian ridge regression achieved the highest accuracy (MSE = 0.6746, R 2 = 0.9941), demonstrating superior performance compared to decision trees (MSE = 0.1907, R 2 = 0.8991) and SVR (MSE = 1.5243, R 2 = − 2.2532). Non-accelerometric factors, including age and comorbidities, significantly contributed to fall risk prediction. Conclusions Integrating accelerometric and non-accelerometric data improves fall risk prediction accuracy in older adults. Bayesian ridge regression trained on combined datasets provides superior predictive power compared to traditional models. These findings highlight the importance of multi-source data fusion for effective fall prevention strategies. Future work should validate these models in larger, more diverse populations to enhance clinical applicability.https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251331752
spellingShingle Ana González-Castro
José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
Rubén González-González
Camino Prada-García
Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez
Predicting fall risk in older adults: A machine learning comparison of accelerometric and non-accelerometric factors
Digital Health
title Predicting fall risk in older adults: A machine learning comparison of accelerometric and non-accelerometric factors
title_full Predicting fall risk in older adults: A machine learning comparison of accelerometric and non-accelerometric factors
title_fullStr Predicting fall risk in older adults: A machine learning comparison of accelerometric and non-accelerometric factors
title_full_unstemmed Predicting fall risk in older adults: A machine learning comparison of accelerometric and non-accelerometric factors
title_short Predicting fall risk in older adults: A machine learning comparison of accelerometric and non-accelerometric factors
title_sort predicting fall risk in older adults a machine learning comparison of accelerometric and non accelerometric factors
url https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251331752
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