The role of oxidative stress in male infertility: Connection to sperm telomere shortening and overall DNA damage

Male infertility affects approximately 20% of men, with 30-40% of cases being linked to issues in both partners. While sperm production may be normal, DNA damage in spermatozoa can occur and become a primary cause of infertility. The exacerbation of oxidative stress leads to damage to various biomol...

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Main Authors: Glišić Biljana, Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena
Format: Article
Language:srp
Published: Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 2025-01-01
Series:Arhiv za farmaciju
Subjects:
Online Access:https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0004-1963/2025/0004-19632501044G.pdf
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author Glišić Biljana
Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena
author_facet Glišić Biljana
Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena
author_sort Glišić Biljana
collection DOAJ
description Male infertility affects approximately 20% of men, with 30-40% of cases being linked to issues in both partners. While sperm production may be normal, DNA damage in spermatozoa can occur and become a primary cause of infertility. The exacerbation of oxidative stress leads to damage to various biomolecules, such as DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation, all of which can impair egg fertilization and embryo development. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in semen are associated with poor sperm quality, reduced fertilization potential, and increased sperm DNA fragmentation. Additionally, shorter telomeres in semen correlate with reduced sperm vitality and function. Oxidative stress accelerates telomere attrition by inducing DNA damage, which leads to telomere shortening and potentially compromises sperm function and fertility. DNA damage can occur at different stages of spermatogenesis and fertilization. If the damage surpasses the oocyte's repair capacity, infertility may occur. Various tests are available to assess sperm DNA damage, with the sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) test being one of the most promising. DNA damage is quantified as the DNA fragmentation index (DFI), which represents the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA. Although reference intervals for DFI may vary depending on the method used, DFI ≤ 15% is generally considered normal, 15-30% is considered average, and DFI ≥ 30% indicates poor DNA integrity, which may negatively impact pregnancy outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-808900a34c094087a9aab86f0fad86082025-08-20T03:06:57ZsrpPharmaceutical Association of Serbia, Belgrade, SerbiaArhiv za farmaciju0004-19632217-87672025-01-01751445410.5937/arhfarm75-558980004-19632501044GThe role of oxidative stress in male infertility: Connection to sperm telomere shortening and overall DNA damageGlišić Biljana0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-7831Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-3069Beo-Lab Plus Polyclinic, Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade, SerbiaMale infertility affects approximately 20% of men, with 30-40% of cases being linked to issues in both partners. While sperm production may be normal, DNA damage in spermatozoa can occur and become a primary cause of infertility. The exacerbation of oxidative stress leads to damage to various biomolecules, such as DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation, all of which can impair egg fertilization and embryo development. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in semen are associated with poor sperm quality, reduced fertilization potential, and increased sperm DNA fragmentation. Additionally, shorter telomeres in semen correlate with reduced sperm vitality and function. Oxidative stress accelerates telomere attrition by inducing DNA damage, which leads to telomere shortening and potentially compromises sperm function and fertility. DNA damage can occur at different stages of spermatogenesis and fertilization. If the damage surpasses the oocyte's repair capacity, infertility may occur. Various tests are available to assess sperm DNA damage, with the sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) test being one of the most promising. DNA damage is quantified as the DNA fragmentation index (DFI), which represents the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA. Although reference intervals for DFI may vary depending on the method used, DFI ≤ 15% is generally considered normal, 15-30% is considered average, and DFI ≥ 30% indicates poor DNA integrity, which may negatively impact pregnancy outcomes.https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0004-1963/2025/0004-19632501044G.pdfoxidative stresstelomere shorteningsperm dna fragmentationdna fragmentation index
spellingShingle Glišić Biljana
Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena
The role of oxidative stress in male infertility: Connection to sperm telomere shortening and overall DNA damage
Arhiv za farmaciju
oxidative stress
telomere shortening
sperm dna fragmentation
dna fragmentation index
title The role of oxidative stress in male infertility: Connection to sperm telomere shortening and overall DNA damage
title_full The role of oxidative stress in male infertility: Connection to sperm telomere shortening and overall DNA damage
title_fullStr The role of oxidative stress in male infertility: Connection to sperm telomere shortening and overall DNA damage
title_full_unstemmed The role of oxidative stress in male infertility: Connection to sperm telomere shortening and overall DNA damage
title_short The role of oxidative stress in male infertility: Connection to sperm telomere shortening and overall DNA damage
title_sort role of oxidative stress in male infertility connection to sperm telomere shortening and overall dna damage
topic oxidative stress
telomere shortening
sperm dna fragmentation
dna fragmentation index
url https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0004-1963/2025/0004-19632501044G.pdf
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AT glisicbiljana roleofoxidativestressinmaleinfertilityconnectiontospermtelomereshorteningandoveralldnadamage
AT koturstevuljevicjelena roleofoxidativestressinmaleinfertilityconnectiontospermtelomereshorteningandoveralldnadamage