Exploring Performance Degradation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Diffusion Transformer Model

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) stand at the forefront of energy conversion technology, efficiently converting the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen directly into electricity. Research on predicting the remaining useful life of PEMFCs has long been a focus, as it plays a crucial ro...

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Main Authors: Lingling Lv, Pucheng Pei, Peng Ren, He Wang, Geng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1191
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author Lingling Lv
Pucheng Pei
Peng Ren
He Wang
Geng Wang
author_facet Lingling Lv
Pucheng Pei
Peng Ren
He Wang
Geng Wang
author_sort Lingling Lv
collection DOAJ
description Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) stand at the forefront of energy conversion technology, efficiently converting the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen directly into electricity. Research on predicting the remaining useful life of PEMFCs has long been a focus, as it plays a crucial role in preventing failures and mitigating safety risks. This paper introduces a robust diffusion transformer (DiT) model, which is a novel approach leveraging generative artificial intelligence (GAI) technology to innovate the existing methods for predicting the performance degradation of PEMFCs. This model employs random Gaussian noise to generate stable performance degradation data of PEMFCs under specified conditions. The predictive accuracy is then assessed by benchmarking against a bi-directional long short-term memory recurrent neural network (Bi-LSTM) using two distinct experimental datasets. The evaluation shows that the DiT model achieves higher predictive accuracy than the reference model. Specifically, the mean absolute prediction error is reduced by 72.7% under steady-state conditions and 59.3% under dynamic conditions. Correspondingly, the remaining useful life error (RE) is diminished by 80% and 88%, respectively. These findings indicate that the DiT model has significant potential in PEMFCs performance degradation research.
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spelling doaj-art-807bc44f3db044bcbcf97b7fb13373c42025-08-20T02:58:58ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-02-01185119110.3390/en18051191Exploring Performance Degradation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Diffusion Transformer ModelLingling Lv0Pucheng Pei1Peng Ren2He Wang3Geng Wang4China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaChina National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, ChinaProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) stand at the forefront of energy conversion technology, efficiently converting the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen directly into electricity. Research on predicting the remaining useful life of PEMFCs has long been a focus, as it plays a crucial role in preventing failures and mitigating safety risks. This paper introduces a robust diffusion transformer (DiT) model, which is a novel approach leveraging generative artificial intelligence (GAI) technology to innovate the existing methods for predicting the performance degradation of PEMFCs. This model employs random Gaussian noise to generate stable performance degradation data of PEMFCs under specified conditions. The predictive accuracy is then assessed by benchmarking against a bi-directional long short-term memory recurrent neural network (Bi-LSTM) using two distinct experimental datasets. The evaluation shows that the DiT model achieves higher predictive accuracy than the reference model. Specifically, the mean absolute prediction error is reduced by 72.7% under steady-state conditions and 59.3% under dynamic conditions. Correspondingly, the remaining useful life error (RE) is diminished by 80% and 88%, respectively. These findings indicate that the DiT model has significant potential in PEMFCs performance degradation research.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1191proton exchange membrane fuel cellperformance degradation predictiondiffusion modeltransformer modelgenerative artificial intelligence
spellingShingle Lingling Lv
Pucheng Pei
Peng Ren
He Wang
Geng Wang
Exploring Performance Degradation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Diffusion Transformer Model
Energies
proton exchange membrane fuel cell
performance degradation prediction
diffusion model
transformer model
generative artificial intelligence
title Exploring Performance Degradation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Diffusion Transformer Model
title_full Exploring Performance Degradation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Diffusion Transformer Model
title_fullStr Exploring Performance Degradation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Diffusion Transformer Model
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Performance Degradation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Diffusion Transformer Model
title_short Exploring Performance Degradation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Diffusion Transformer Model
title_sort exploring performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on diffusion transformer model
topic proton exchange membrane fuel cell
performance degradation prediction
diffusion model
transformer model
generative artificial intelligence
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1191
work_keys_str_mv AT linglinglv exploringperformancedegradationofprotonexchangemembranefuelcellsbasedondiffusiontransformermodel
AT puchengpei exploringperformancedegradationofprotonexchangemembranefuelcellsbasedondiffusiontransformermodel
AT pengren exploringperformancedegradationofprotonexchangemembranefuelcellsbasedondiffusiontransformermodel
AT hewang exploringperformancedegradationofprotonexchangemembranefuelcellsbasedondiffusiontransformermodel
AT gengwang exploringperformancedegradationofprotonexchangemembranefuelcellsbasedondiffusiontransformermodel