Enhancing flame resistance properties and water resistance of rigid polyurethane foam using microencapsulation
To enhance the efficacy of flame retardants and their resistance to water in conventional formulations, this work introduces a microencapsulation method to modify the surface of piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP). This approach improves the compatibility of PAPP with rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24017696 |
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| author | Gang Tang Zedong Gong Mengru Liu Yanbei Hou Kang Tao Kang Dai Shihua Zhang |
| author_facet | Gang Tang Zedong Gong Mengru Liu Yanbei Hou Kang Tao Kang Dai Shihua Zhang |
| author_sort | Gang Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To enhance the efficacy of flame retardants and their resistance to water in conventional formulations, this work introduces a microencapsulation method to modify the surface of piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP). This approach improves the compatibility of PAPP with rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) and incorporates hydrophilic silicone gel (generated SiPAPP), enhancing both flame retardant performance and the synergistic interaction among phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon elements. Additionally, iron oxide nanoparticles (Nano-Fe2O3) are used to modify the flame retardant surface post-microencapsulation (named as SiPAPP@Fe2O3) to further suppress smoke release. Results indicate that SiPAPP@Fe2O3 facilitates premature decomposition and promotes the development of a stable carbon layers, with the charcoal remains amount of RPUF/SiPAPP@Fe2O3 at 700 °C reaching 32.4 wt%, 1.36 times higher than pure RPUF. XPS analysis of the char residue reveals that silicone gel decomposition generates SiO2, covering on the char surface to form a dense layer. Nano-Fe2O3, acting as a carbon forming agent and synergist agent, together with SiPAPP, promotes the establishment of expanded carbonaceous layer, endowing the RPUF/SiPAPP@Fe2O3 composite with excellent flame retardant properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8072ea4061354c22986e56b4aa02c2df |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-157X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-8072ea4061354c22986e56b4aa02c2df2025-02-02T05:27:19ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-02-0166105738Enhancing flame resistance properties and water resistance of rigid polyurethane foam using microencapsulationGang Tang0Zedong Gong1Mengru Liu2Yanbei Hou3Kang Tao4Kang Dai5Shihua Zhang6School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan 243002, Anhui, PR ChinaSchool of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan 243002, Anhui, PR ChinaSchool of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan 243002, Anhui, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.Jiangsu Industrial Technology Reasearch Institue for Advanced Polymer Materials, Nanjing 210031, Jiangsu, PR China; Corresponding author. Jiangsu Industrial Technology Reasearch Institue for Advanced Polymer Materials, Nanjing, 210031, Jiangsu, PR China.School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR ChinaSchool of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan 243002, Anhui, PR ChinaTo enhance the efficacy of flame retardants and their resistance to water in conventional formulations, this work introduces a microencapsulation method to modify the surface of piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP). This approach improves the compatibility of PAPP with rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) and incorporates hydrophilic silicone gel (generated SiPAPP), enhancing both flame retardant performance and the synergistic interaction among phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon elements. Additionally, iron oxide nanoparticles (Nano-Fe2O3) are used to modify the flame retardant surface post-microencapsulation (named as SiPAPP@Fe2O3) to further suppress smoke release. Results indicate that SiPAPP@Fe2O3 facilitates premature decomposition and promotes the development of a stable carbon layers, with the charcoal remains amount of RPUF/SiPAPP@Fe2O3 at 700 °C reaching 32.4 wt%, 1.36 times higher than pure RPUF. XPS analysis of the char residue reveals that silicone gel decomposition generates SiO2, covering on the char surface to form a dense layer. Nano-Fe2O3, acting as a carbon forming agent and synergist agent, together with SiPAPP, promotes the establishment of expanded carbonaceous layer, endowing the RPUF/SiPAPP@Fe2O3 composite with excellent flame retardant properties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24017696Piperazine pyrophosphateRigid polyurethane foamFlame retardant propertyMicroencapsulationWater resistance |
| spellingShingle | Gang Tang Zedong Gong Mengru Liu Yanbei Hou Kang Tao Kang Dai Shihua Zhang Enhancing flame resistance properties and water resistance of rigid polyurethane foam using microencapsulation Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Piperazine pyrophosphate Rigid polyurethane foam Flame retardant property Microencapsulation Water resistance |
| title | Enhancing flame resistance properties and water resistance of rigid polyurethane foam using microencapsulation |
| title_full | Enhancing flame resistance properties and water resistance of rigid polyurethane foam using microencapsulation |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing flame resistance properties and water resistance of rigid polyurethane foam using microencapsulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing flame resistance properties and water resistance of rigid polyurethane foam using microencapsulation |
| title_short | Enhancing flame resistance properties and water resistance of rigid polyurethane foam using microencapsulation |
| title_sort | enhancing flame resistance properties and water resistance of rigid polyurethane foam using microencapsulation |
| topic | Piperazine pyrophosphate Rigid polyurethane foam Flame retardant property Microencapsulation Water resistance |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24017696 |
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