Realism Transformed: The Ontology of Universals in Avicennan Philosophy and Qutb al-Din al-Rāzī’s Theory of Mental Exemplars
The onto-epistemological status of mental representations can be seen among the most controversial problems of Post-Avicennan philosophy. The problem has its roots in Ibn Sīnā’s attempt to get a predicational unity between the layers of being on one hand and in Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s criticisms of m...
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İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Bilim Tarihi Enstitüsü
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Nazariyat: Journal for the History of Islamic Philosophy and Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://nazariyat.org/content/5-sayilar/13-cilt-6-sayi-2/2-gercekciligin-donusumu-ibn-sinaci-felsefede-tumellerin-ontolojisi-ve-kutbuddin-er-razinin-zihni-misaller-teorisi-uzerine/2_ucer_ibrahim_halil_en.pdf |
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| author | İbrahim Halil Üçer |
| author_facet | İbrahim Halil Üçer |
| author_sort | İbrahim Halil Üçer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The onto-epistemological status of mental representations can be seen among the most controversial problems of Post-Avicennan philosophy. The problem has its roots in Ibn Sīnā’s attempt to get a predicational unity between the layers of being on one hand and in Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s criticisms of mental existence and universality of mental exemplars on the other. Al-Rāzī’s criticisms led the prominent followers of Ibn Sīnā to reconsider the Avicennan principle of the preservation of essences in multi-layered being and Ibn Sīnā’s conception of knowledge as an immaterial representation of nature. Against al-Rāzī’s criticism, al- Ṭūsī tried to narrow the ontological extension of essences and to redefine universal predication. Quṭb al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s involvement in the discussion took the restrictive efforts to the next level. In addition to al-Ṭūsī‘s restricting the ontological extensions of essences by only giving them an epistemological role, Quṭb al-Dīn al-Rāzī downgraded their epistemological roles as well and counted them just as individual exemplars (mithāl) in the individual’s mind. In addition to al-Ṭūsī’s hesitant rejection of universal natures in external world, he also clearly rejected the existence of universal natures in the external world. His first position led him to redefine the notion of correspondence and universality, and his second position led him to propose a non- explanatory interpretation of Ibn Sīnā’s hylomorphic substances. In this paper, I will discuss the continuities and discontinuities of his interpretations with respect to Ibn Sīnā’s strong metaphysical realism and his philosophical project’s aim to construct the unity of essences in a multi-layered being. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-806bf508b45846c096f4eababedf827d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2547-9415 2547-9415 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Bilim Tarihi Enstitüsü |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nazariyat: Journal for the History of Islamic Philosophy and Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-806bf508b45846c096f4eababedf827d2025-08-20T03:07:06Zengİstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Bilim Tarihi EnstitüsüNazariyat: Journal for the History of Islamic Philosophy and Sciences2547-94152547-94152020-10-0162236810.12658/Nazariyat.6.2.M0116enRealism Transformed: The Ontology of Universals in Avicennan Philosophy and Qutb al-Din al-Rāzī’s Theory of Mental Exemplarsİbrahim Halil Üçer0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-0418Assoc. Prof., İstanbul Medeniyet University, Department of PhilosophyThe onto-epistemological status of mental representations can be seen among the most controversial problems of Post-Avicennan philosophy. The problem has its roots in Ibn Sīnā’s attempt to get a predicational unity between the layers of being on one hand and in Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s criticisms of mental existence and universality of mental exemplars on the other. Al-Rāzī’s criticisms led the prominent followers of Ibn Sīnā to reconsider the Avicennan principle of the preservation of essences in multi-layered being and Ibn Sīnā’s conception of knowledge as an immaterial representation of nature. Against al-Rāzī’s criticism, al- Ṭūsī tried to narrow the ontological extension of essences and to redefine universal predication. Quṭb al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s involvement in the discussion took the restrictive efforts to the next level. In addition to al-Ṭūsī‘s restricting the ontological extensions of essences by only giving them an epistemological role, Quṭb al-Dīn al-Rāzī downgraded their epistemological roles as well and counted them just as individual exemplars (mithāl) in the individual’s mind. In addition to al-Ṭūsī’s hesitant rejection of universal natures in external world, he also clearly rejected the existence of universal natures in the external world. His first position led him to redefine the notion of correspondence and universality, and his second position led him to propose a non- explanatory interpretation of Ibn Sīnā’s hylomorphic substances. In this paper, I will discuss the continuities and discontinuities of his interpretations with respect to Ibn Sīnā’s strong metaphysical realism and his philosophical project’s aim to construct the unity of essences in a multi-layered being.https://nazariyat.org/content/5-sayilar/13-cilt-6-sayi-2/2-gercekciligin-donusumu-ibn-sinaci-felsefede-tumellerin-ontolojisi-ve-kutbuddin-er-razinin-zihni-misaller-teorisi-uzerine/2_ucer_ibrahim_halil_en.pdfavicennapost-avicennan philosophymetaphysical realismproblem of universalsontology of universalsrepresentationfakhr al-dīn al-rāzīnaṣīr al-dīn al-ṭūsīquṭb al-dīn al-rāzī al-taḥtānī |
| spellingShingle | İbrahim Halil Üçer Realism Transformed: The Ontology of Universals in Avicennan Philosophy and Qutb al-Din al-Rāzī’s Theory of Mental Exemplars Nazariyat: Journal for the History of Islamic Philosophy and Sciences avicenna post-avicennan philosophy metaphysical realism problem of universals ontology of universals representation fakhr al-dīn al-rāzī naṣīr al-dīn al-ṭūsī quṭb al-dīn al-rāzī al-taḥtānī |
| title | Realism Transformed: The Ontology of Universals in Avicennan Philosophy and Qutb al-Din al-Rāzī’s Theory of Mental Exemplars |
| title_full | Realism Transformed: The Ontology of Universals in Avicennan Philosophy and Qutb al-Din al-Rāzī’s Theory of Mental Exemplars |
| title_fullStr | Realism Transformed: The Ontology of Universals in Avicennan Philosophy and Qutb al-Din al-Rāzī’s Theory of Mental Exemplars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Realism Transformed: The Ontology of Universals in Avicennan Philosophy and Qutb al-Din al-Rāzī’s Theory of Mental Exemplars |
| title_short | Realism Transformed: The Ontology of Universals in Avicennan Philosophy and Qutb al-Din al-Rāzī’s Theory of Mental Exemplars |
| title_sort | realism transformed the ontology of universals in avicennan philosophy and qutb al din al razi s theory of mental exemplars |
| topic | avicenna post-avicennan philosophy metaphysical realism problem of universals ontology of universals representation fakhr al-dīn al-rāzī naṣīr al-dīn al-ṭūsī quṭb al-dīn al-rāzī al-taḥtānī |
| url | https://nazariyat.org/content/5-sayilar/13-cilt-6-sayi-2/2-gercekciligin-donusumu-ibn-sinaci-felsefede-tumellerin-ontolojisi-ve-kutbuddin-er-razinin-zihni-misaller-teorisi-uzerine/2_ucer_ibrahim_halil_en.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ibrahimhalilucer realismtransformedtheontologyofuniversalsinavicennanphilosophyandqutbaldinalrazistheoryofmentalexemplars |