Genetic diversity of Gymnocypris firmispinatus: Insights from microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA among wild, broodstock source, and broodstock populations

This study provides an analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of Gymnocypris firmispinatus, a fish species endemic to the upper Yangtze River. Genetic evaluations were conducted using both microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers across three distinct populations: wil...

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Main Authors: Huke He, Haifeng Tian, Xiaodong Wang, Liang Peng, Liqiao Zhong, Pengzhi Qi, Baoshan Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Aquaculture Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235251342500153X
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author Huke He
Haifeng Tian
Xiaodong Wang
Liang Peng
Liqiao Zhong
Pengzhi Qi
Baoshan Ma
author_facet Huke He
Haifeng Tian
Xiaodong Wang
Liang Peng
Liqiao Zhong
Pengzhi Qi
Baoshan Ma
author_sort Huke He
collection DOAJ
description This study provides an analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of Gymnocypris firmispinatus, a fish species endemic to the upper Yangtze River. Genetic evaluations were conducted using both microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers across three distinct populations: wild, broodstock source, and broodstock. The results show that genetic diversity is relatively uniform across these groups, with no significant differences observed in diversity levels. The wild population had an average of 15.889 alleles per locus, the broodstock source population had an average of 16.444 alleles per locus, and the broodstock population had an average of 13.778 alleles per locus, with an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.883. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) averaged 0.729 and 0.894, respectively. mtDNA (5’-Cyt b + D-loop-3’) analysis revealed 36 haplotypes with an overall haplotype diversity (h) of 0.901 and an overall nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.00476. Genetic differentiation was significant, particularly between the wild and broodstock populations, as indicated by high Fst values for both microsatellite and mtDNA markers. The broodstock population presented a high level of diversity with microsatellite markers (Ho = 0.737, He = 0.798, PIC = 0.769), whereas mtDNA markers presented comparatively lower diversity (h = 0.563, π = 0.00079). This contrast highlights the importance of using both marker types to gain a complete understanding of the genetic structure of populations. The reduced mtDNA diversity is likely due to its smaller effective population size and greater susceptibility to genetic drift, given its maternal inheritance. These findings suggest that stock enhancement release activities can help preserve the genetic diversity of the G. firmispinatus population.
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spelling doaj-art-806759d58fd844f7828d5824c0cbefb22025-08-20T03:45:47ZengElsevierAquaculture Reports2352-51342025-07-014210276710.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102767Genetic diversity of Gymnocypris firmispinatus: Insights from microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA among wild, broodstock source, and broodstock populationsHuke He0Haifeng Tian1Xiaodong Wang2Liang Peng3Liqiao Zhong4Pengzhi Qi5Baoshan Ma6National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, China; National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, ChinaNational Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, ChinaFaculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644007, ChinaNational Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, ChinaNational Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, China; Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China; Corresponding author at: National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, China.National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China; Corresponding author.This study provides an analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of Gymnocypris firmispinatus, a fish species endemic to the upper Yangtze River. Genetic evaluations were conducted using both microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers across three distinct populations: wild, broodstock source, and broodstock. The results show that genetic diversity is relatively uniform across these groups, with no significant differences observed in diversity levels. The wild population had an average of 15.889 alleles per locus, the broodstock source population had an average of 16.444 alleles per locus, and the broodstock population had an average of 13.778 alleles per locus, with an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.883. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) averaged 0.729 and 0.894, respectively. mtDNA (5’-Cyt b + D-loop-3’) analysis revealed 36 haplotypes with an overall haplotype diversity (h) of 0.901 and an overall nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.00476. Genetic differentiation was significant, particularly between the wild and broodstock populations, as indicated by high Fst values for both microsatellite and mtDNA markers. The broodstock population presented a high level of diversity with microsatellite markers (Ho = 0.737, He = 0.798, PIC = 0.769), whereas mtDNA markers presented comparatively lower diversity (h = 0.563, π = 0.00079). This contrast highlights the importance of using both marker types to gain a complete understanding of the genetic structure of populations. The reduced mtDNA diversity is likely due to its smaller effective population size and greater susceptibility to genetic drift, given its maternal inheritance. These findings suggest that stock enhancement release activities can help preserve the genetic diversity of the G. firmispinatus population.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235251342500153XGymnocypris firmispinatusMolecular markersGenetic diversityPopulation structureStock enhancement release activities
spellingShingle Huke He
Haifeng Tian
Xiaodong Wang
Liang Peng
Liqiao Zhong
Pengzhi Qi
Baoshan Ma
Genetic diversity of Gymnocypris firmispinatus: Insights from microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA among wild, broodstock source, and broodstock populations
Aquaculture Reports
Gymnocypris firmispinatus
Molecular markers
Genetic diversity
Population structure
Stock enhancement release activities
title Genetic diversity of Gymnocypris firmispinatus: Insights from microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA among wild, broodstock source, and broodstock populations
title_full Genetic diversity of Gymnocypris firmispinatus: Insights from microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA among wild, broodstock source, and broodstock populations
title_fullStr Genetic diversity of Gymnocypris firmispinatus: Insights from microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA among wild, broodstock source, and broodstock populations
title_full_unstemmed Genetic diversity of Gymnocypris firmispinatus: Insights from microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA among wild, broodstock source, and broodstock populations
title_short Genetic diversity of Gymnocypris firmispinatus: Insights from microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA among wild, broodstock source, and broodstock populations
title_sort genetic diversity of gymnocypris firmispinatus insights from microsatellites and mitochondrial dna among wild broodstock source and broodstock populations
topic Gymnocypris firmispinatus
Molecular markers
Genetic diversity
Population structure
Stock enhancement release activities
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235251342500153X
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