Rice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review

Rice is an important source of calories and nutrients for people in low- and middle-income countries. In the quest to respond to consumer preferences and attract premium prices, paddy processors increase the degree of milling (polishing), largely affecting nutritional composition and economic value...

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Main Authors: Sali Atanga Ndindeng, Erasmus Nchuaji Tang, Edgar Twine, Victor Taleon, Micheal Frie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Applied Food Research
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225005797
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author Sali Atanga Ndindeng
Erasmus Nchuaji Tang
Edgar Twine
Victor Taleon
Micheal Frie
author_facet Sali Atanga Ndindeng
Erasmus Nchuaji Tang
Edgar Twine
Victor Taleon
Micheal Frie
author_sort Sali Atanga Ndindeng
collection DOAJ
description Rice is an important source of calories and nutrients for people in low- and middle-income countries. In the quest to respond to consumer preferences and attract premium prices, paddy processors increase the degree of milling (polishing), largely affecting nutritional composition and economic value of milled rice. Milling and parboiling are crucial unit processing operations affecting the quality profile of rice. The literature poorly reports on milling and parboiling operations that provide economic and nutritional gains or losses. Thus, there are no standard milling and parboiling regimes recommended to influence technological and policy changes in favor of public health and nutrition. In this comprehensive review, rice milling and parboiling operations associated with nutritional, economic, food safety and environmental benefits have been presented and discussed. Optimal milling and parboiling strategies that provide nutritional, economic, food safety and environmental gains are proposed as alternatives to conventional processing technologies and practices. Improved parboiling and moderate degree of milling in two-stage systems appear to provide better economic and nutritional benefits.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2772-5022
language English
publishDate 2025-12-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Applied Food Research
spelling doaj-art-8059c49ef9404cf8883e13d7abb9cecf2025-08-26T04:14:37ZengElsevierApplied Food Research2772-50222025-12-015210127410.1016/j.afres.2025.101274Rice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive reviewSali Atanga Ndindeng0Erasmus Nchuaji Tang1Edgar Twine2Victor Taleon3Micheal Frie4Africa Rice Center, Bouake, Côte d'Ivoire; Corresponding author at: 01 BP 2551, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire.Africa Rice Center, Bouake, Côte d'Ivoire; Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Yaoundé, CameroonAfrica Rice Center, Kampala, UgandaInnovation Policy and Scaling Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, USA.Institute of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, GermanyRice is an important source of calories and nutrients for people in low- and middle-income countries. In the quest to respond to consumer preferences and attract premium prices, paddy processors increase the degree of milling (polishing), largely affecting nutritional composition and economic value of milled rice. Milling and parboiling are crucial unit processing operations affecting the quality profile of rice. The literature poorly reports on milling and parboiling operations that provide economic and nutritional gains or losses. Thus, there are no standard milling and parboiling regimes recommended to influence technological and policy changes in favor of public health and nutrition. In this comprehensive review, rice milling and parboiling operations associated with nutritional, economic, food safety and environmental benefits have been presented and discussed. Optimal milling and parboiling strategies that provide nutritional, economic, food safety and environmental gains are proposed as alternatives to conventional processing technologies and practices. Improved parboiling and moderate degree of milling in two-stage systems appear to provide better economic and nutritional benefits.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225005797Ricedegree of millingParboilingEconomic and nutritional returnsFand nutrition securitySustainability
spellingShingle Sali Atanga Ndindeng
Erasmus Nchuaji Tang
Edgar Twine
Victor Taleon
Micheal Frie
Rice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review
Applied Food Research
Rice
degree of milling
Parboiling
Economic and nutritional returns
Fand nutrition security
Sustainability
title Rice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review
title_full Rice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review
title_fullStr Rice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review
title_full_unstemmed Rice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review
title_short Rice milling and parboiling trade-offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review
title_sort rice milling and parboiling trade offs for economic and nutritional gains with special attention to sub saharan africa a comprehensive review
topic Rice
degree of milling
Parboiling
Economic and nutritional returns
Fand nutrition security
Sustainability
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772502225005797
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AT victortaleon ricemillingandparboilingtradeoffsforeconomicandnutritionalgainswithspecialattentiontosubsaharanafricaacomprehensivereview
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