Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent epidermal cancerous neoplasm. Previous studies have reported the noninvasive, cost-effective, and localized photodynamic therapy (PDT) approach to BCC treatment. This study investigated the photodynamic effects of aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraqui...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Photoenergy |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6935269 |
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| author | Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo Songmei Geng Xiaopeng Wang Xiaodong Chen Mengting Qin Meng Yuan Yang Wang Farooq Riaz Chengcheng Liu Yanhong Ji |
| author_facet | Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo Songmei Geng Xiaopeng Wang Xiaodong Chen Mengting Qin Meng Yuan Yang Wang Farooq Riaz Chengcheng Liu Yanhong Ji |
| author_sort | Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent epidermal cancerous neoplasm. Previous studies have reported the noninvasive, cost-effective, and localized photodynamic therapy (PDT) approach to BCC treatment. This study investigated the photodynamic effects of aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraquinone photosensitizer (PS), on proliferation and apoptosis of BCC TE 354.T cell line. To evaluate the effects of AE-mediated PDT, we used various concentrations of AE (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM) and white light energy (0, 12, 24, and 36 J/cm2). CCK-8 assay was used to analyse cell viability following AE-mediated PDT. The cell death rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to determine the effects of AE-mediated PDT on the apoptotic proteins, Akt, and MAPK pathways. AE-mediated PDT inhibited tumorigenic cell proliferation, consequently enhancing apoptosis in AE and PDT concentration and dose-dependent manner, respectively. Significantly increased TE 354.T cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS production were both observed after AE-mediated PDT. Following the AE-mediated PDT, cytochrome and antitumor p53 were elevated; however expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased. Significant caspase 3 elevation post-AE-mediated PDT suggested intrinsically driven apoptosis. Additionally, AE-mediated PDT significantly suppressed NF-κB, Akt, and ERK pathways while JNK expression was significantly increased. AE-mediated PDT induced TE 354.T cell apoptosis through the intracellular generation of ROS. Akt, ERK, and JNK all play various roles in ensuring successful TE 354.T tumor cell apoptosis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8048afe2bb20428ab1201152a2191697 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-529X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Photoenergy |
| spelling | doaj-art-8048afe2bb20428ab1201152a21916972025-02-03T00:59:39ZengWileyInternational Journal of Photoenergy1687-529X2021-01-01202110.1155/2021/6935269Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling PathwayWoodvine Otieno Odhiambo0Songmei Geng1Xiaopeng Wang2Xiaodong Chen3Mengting Qin4Meng Yuan5Yang Wang6Farooq Riaz7Chengcheng Liu8Yanhong Ji9Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & ImmunologyDepartment of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyDepartment of Pathogenic Microbiology & ImmunologyDepartment of Pathogenic Microbiology & ImmunologyDepartment of Pathogenic Microbiology & ImmunologyDepartment of Pathogenic Microbiology & ImmunologyDepartment of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyDepartment of Pathogenic Microbiology & ImmunologyDepartment of Pathogenic Microbiology & ImmunologyBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent epidermal cancerous neoplasm. Previous studies have reported the noninvasive, cost-effective, and localized photodynamic therapy (PDT) approach to BCC treatment. This study investigated the photodynamic effects of aloe-emodin (AE), a natural anthraquinone photosensitizer (PS), on proliferation and apoptosis of BCC TE 354.T cell line. To evaluate the effects of AE-mediated PDT, we used various concentrations of AE (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM) and white light energy (0, 12, 24, and 36 J/cm2). CCK-8 assay was used to analyse cell viability following AE-mediated PDT. The cell death rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to determine the effects of AE-mediated PDT on the apoptotic proteins, Akt, and MAPK pathways. AE-mediated PDT inhibited tumorigenic cell proliferation, consequently enhancing apoptosis in AE and PDT concentration and dose-dependent manner, respectively. Significantly increased TE 354.T cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS production were both observed after AE-mediated PDT. Following the AE-mediated PDT, cytochrome and antitumor p53 were elevated; however expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased. Significant caspase 3 elevation post-AE-mediated PDT suggested intrinsically driven apoptosis. Additionally, AE-mediated PDT significantly suppressed NF-κB, Akt, and ERK pathways while JNK expression was significantly increased. AE-mediated PDT induced TE 354.T cell apoptosis through the intracellular generation of ROS. Akt, ERK, and JNK all play various roles in ensuring successful TE 354.T tumor cell apoptosis.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6935269 |
| spellingShingle | Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo Songmei Geng Xiaopeng Wang Xiaodong Chen Mengting Qin Meng Yuan Yang Wang Farooq Riaz Chengcheng Liu Yanhong Ji Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway International Journal of Photoenergy |
| title | Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway |
| title_full | Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway |
| title_fullStr | Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway |
| title_short | Aloe-Emodin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Activation of ERK/JNK Signaling Pathway |
| title_sort | aloe emodin mediated photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis in basal cell carcinoma cells via activation of erk jnk signaling pathway |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6935269 |
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