COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preventive Benefits and Risks

Background: To provide a detailed understanding and apply a comprehensive strategy, this study examines the association between COVID-19 vaccination and cardiovascular events. We conducted a Bayesian multivariate meta-analysis using summary data across multiple outcomes including myocardial infarcti...

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Main Authors: Raheleh Karimi, Mina Norozirad, Foad Esmaeili, Marjan Mansourian, Hamid R. Marateb
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-03-01
Series:International Journal of Preventive Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_260_24
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author Raheleh Karimi
Mina Norozirad
Foad Esmaeili
Marjan Mansourian
Hamid R. Marateb
author_facet Raheleh Karimi
Mina Norozirad
Foad Esmaeili
Marjan Mansourian
Hamid R. Marateb
author_sort Raheleh Karimi
collection DOAJ
description Background: To provide a detailed understanding and apply a comprehensive strategy, this study examines the association between COVID-19 vaccination and cardiovascular events. We conducted a Bayesian multivariate meta-analysis using summary data across multiple outcomes including myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmia, and CAD, considering potential dependencies in the data. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods were detected for easy implementation of the Bayesian approach. Also, the sensitivity analysis of the model was done by using different priors. Methods: Fifteen studies were included in the systematic review, with eleven studies comparing the results between the vaccine group and the unvaccinated group. Additionally, six studies were used for further analysis to compare mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna). Results: Bayesian meta-analysis revealed a link between vaccines and CAD risk (OR, 1.70; 95% CrI: 1.11–2.57), particularly after BNT162b2 (OR, 1.64; 95% CrI: 1.06–2.55) and second dose (OR, 3.44; 95% CrI: 1.99–5.98). No increased risk of heart attack, arrhythmia, or stroke was observed post-COVID-19 vaccination. As the only noteworthy point, a protective effect on stroke (OR, 0.19; 95% CrI: 0.10–0.39) and myocardial infarction (OR, 0.003; 95% CrI: 0.001–0.006) was observed after the third dose of the vaccine. Conclusions: Secondary analysis showed no notable disparity in cardiovascular outcomes between BNT162b2 and mRNA vaccines. The association of COVID-19 vaccination with the risk of coronary artery disease should be considered in future vaccine technologies for the next pandemic.
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spelling doaj-art-8044ffe220ba442bb9735f03957c8b3e2025-08-20T02:15:41ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsInternational Journal of Preventive Medicine2008-78022008-82132025-03-0116141410.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_260_24COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preventive Benefits and RisksRaheleh KarimiMina NoroziradFoad EsmaeiliMarjan MansourianHamid R. MaratebBackground: To provide a detailed understanding and apply a comprehensive strategy, this study examines the association between COVID-19 vaccination and cardiovascular events. We conducted a Bayesian multivariate meta-analysis using summary data across multiple outcomes including myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmia, and CAD, considering potential dependencies in the data. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods were detected for easy implementation of the Bayesian approach. Also, the sensitivity analysis of the model was done by using different priors. Methods: Fifteen studies were included in the systematic review, with eleven studies comparing the results between the vaccine group and the unvaccinated group. Additionally, six studies were used for further analysis to compare mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna). Results: Bayesian meta-analysis revealed a link between vaccines and CAD risk (OR, 1.70; 95% CrI: 1.11–2.57), particularly after BNT162b2 (OR, 1.64; 95% CrI: 1.06–2.55) and second dose (OR, 3.44; 95% CrI: 1.99–5.98). No increased risk of heart attack, arrhythmia, or stroke was observed post-COVID-19 vaccination. As the only noteworthy point, a protective effect on stroke (OR, 0.19; 95% CrI: 0.10–0.39) and myocardial infarction (OR, 0.003; 95% CrI: 0.001–0.006) was observed after the third dose of the vaccine. Conclusions: Secondary analysis showed no notable disparity in cardiovascular outcomes between BNT162b2 and mRNA vaccines. The association of COVID-19 vaccination with the risk of coronary artery disease should be considered in future vaccine technologies for the next pandemic.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_260_24arrhythmiascardiaccoronary artery diseasecovid-19 vaccinesmyocardial infarctionsars-cov-2stroke
spellingShingle Raheleh Karimi
Mina Norozirad
Foad Esmaeili
Marjan Mansourian
Hamid R. Marateb
COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preventive Benefits and Risks
International Journal of Preventive Medicine
arrhythmias
cardiac
coronary artery disease
covid-19 vaccines
myocardial infarction
sars-cov-2
stroke
title COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preventive Benefits and Risks
title_full COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preventive Benefits and Risks
title_fullStr COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preventive Benefits and Risks
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preventive Benefits and Risks
title_short COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preventive Benefits and Risks
title_sort covid 19 vaccination and cardiovascular events a systematic review and bayesian multivariate meta analysis of preventive benefits and risks
topic arrhythmias
cardiac
coronary artery disease
covid-19 vaccines
myocardial infarction
sars-cov-2
stroke
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_260_24
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