Enhancing Maritime Navigation: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Quality Monitoring System for the North-Western Black Sea
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are the primary source of information for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) in the maritime sector; however, they are vulnerable to unintentional or deliberate interference, such as jamming, spoofing, or meaconing. The continuous monitoring of GNSS...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/500 |
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| author | Petrica Popov Maria Emanuela Mihailov Lucian Dutu Dumitru Andrescu |
| author_facet | Petrica Popov Maria Emanuela Mihailov Lucian Dutu Dumitru Andrescu |
| author_sort | Petrica Popov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are the primary source of information for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) in the maritime sector; however, they are vulnerable to unintentional or deliberate interference, such as jamming, spoofing, or meaconing. The continuous monitoring of GNSS signals is crucial for vessels and mobile maritime platforms to ensure the integrity, availability, and accuracy of positioning and navigation services. This monitoring is essential for guaranteeing the safety and security of navigation and contributes to the accurate positioning of vessels and platforms involved in hydrographic and oceanographic research. This paper presents the implementation of a complex system for monitoring the quality of signals within the GNSS spectrum at the Maritime Hydrographic Directorate (MHD). The system provides real-time analysis of signal parameters from various GNSSs, enabling alerts in critical situations and generating statistics and reports. It comprises four permanent stations equipped with state-of-the-art GNSS receivers, which integrate a spectrum analyzer and store raw data for post-processing. The system also includes software for monitoring the GNSS spectrum, detecting interference events, and visualizing signal quality data. Implemented using a Docker-based platform to enable efficient management and distribution, the software architecture consists of a reverse proxy, message broker, front-end, authorization service, GNSS orchestrator, and GNSS monitoring module. This system enhances the quality of command, control, communications, and intelligence decisions for planning and execution. It has demonstrated a high success rate in detecting and localizing jamming and spoofing events, thereby improving maritime situational awareness and navigational safety. Future development could involve installing dedicated stations to locate interference sources. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-80169ff32a1c4bb7b46d64bd36c92d99 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-80169ff32a1c4bb7b46d64bd36c92d992025-08-20T03:14:39ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-04-0116550010.3390/atmos16050500Enhancing Maritime Navigation: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Quality Monitoring System for the North-Western Black SeaPetrica Popov0Maria Emanuela Mihailov1Lucian Dutu2Dumitru Andrescu3Maritime Hydrographic Directorate “Comandor Alexandru Catuneanu”, Fulgerului Street No. 1, 900218 Constanta, RomaniaMaritime Hydrographic Directorate “Comandor Alexandru Catuneanu”, Fulgerului Street No. 1, 900218 Constanta, RomaniaMaritime Hydrographic Directorate “Comandor Alexandru Catuneanu”, Fulgerului Street No. 1, 900218 Constanta, RomaniaMaritime Hydrographic Directorate “Comandor Alexandru Catuneanu”, Fulgerului Street No. 1, 900218 Constanta, RomaniaGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are the primary source of information for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) in the maritime sector; however, they are vulnerable to unintentional or deliberate interference, such as jamming, spoofing, or meaconing. The continuous monitoring of GNSS signals is crucial for vessels and mobile maritime platforms to ensure the integrity, availability, and accuracy of positioning and navigation services. This monitoring is essential for guaranteeing the safety and security of navigation and contributes to the accurate positioning of vessels and platforms involved in hydrographic and oceanographic research. This paper presents the implementation of a complex system for monitoring the quality of signals within the GNSS spectrum at the Maritime Hydrographic Directorate (MHD). The system provides real-time analysis of signal parameters from various GNSSs, enabling alerts in critical situations and generating statistics and reports. It comprises four permanent stations equipped with state-of-the-art GNSS receivers, which integrate a spectrum analyzer and store raw data for post-processing. The system also includes software for monitoring the GNSS spectrum, detecting interference events, and visualizing signal quality data. Implemented using a Docker-based platform to enable efficient management and distribution, the software architecture consists of a reverse proxy, message broker, front-end, authorization service, GNSS orchestrator, and GNSS monitoring module. This system enhances the quality of command, control, communications, and intelligence decisions for planning and execution. It has demonstrated a high success rate in detecting and localizing jamming and spoofing events, thereby improving maritime situational awareness and navigational safety. Future development could involve installing dedicated stations to locate interference sources.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/500PNTmonitoringsafety navigationinterference |
| spellingShingle | Petrica Popov Maria Emanuela Mihailov Lucian Dutu Dumitru Andrescu Enhancing Maritime Navigation: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Quality Monitoring System for the North-Western Black Sea Atmosphere PNT monitoring safety navigation interference |
| title | Enhancing Maritime Navigation: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Quality Monitoring System for the North-Western Black Sea |
| title_full | Enhancing Maritime Navigation: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Quality Monitoring System for the North-Western Black Sea |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing Maritime Navigation: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Quality Monitoring System for the North-Western Black Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing Maritime Navigation: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Quality Monitoring System for the North-Western Black Sea |
| title_short | Enhancing Maritime Navigation: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Quality Monitoring System for the North-Western Black Sea |
| title_sort | enhancing maritime navigation a global navigation satellite system gnss signal quality monitoring system for the north western black sea |
| topic | PNT monitoring safety navigation interference |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/500 |
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