Microfluidic Preparation of Liposomes Using Ethyl Acetate/n-Hexane Solvents as an Alternative to Chloroform

Although liposomes have been used as a nutrient delivery carrier in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, they still suffer from the critical issue caused by the use of halogenated solvents (e.g., chloroform), which may be harmful to humans. Nonhalogenated solvents have been screened as...

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Main Authors: Eunhye Yang, Hyunjong Yu, Jun-Young Park, Kyung-Min Park, Pahn-Shick Chang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2018-01-01
Series:Journal of Chemistry
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7575201
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author Eunhye Yang
Hyunjong Yu
Jun-Young Park
Kyung-Min Park
Pahn-Shick Chang
author_facet Eunhye Yang
Hyunjong Yu
Jun-Young Park
Kyung-Min Park
Pahn-Shick Chang
author_sort Eunhye Yang
collection DOAJ
description Although liposomes have been used as a nutrient delivery carrier in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, they still suffer from the critical issue caused by the use of halogenated solvents (e.g., chloroform), which may be harmful to humans. Nonhalogenated solvents have been screened as candidate substitutes for chloroform based on their physicochemical properties. However, none of the candidates examined to date could form stable inverted micelles when used alone. Here, to obtain physicochemical properties similar to chloroform, combined mixtures were prepared using various ratios of each candidate. Based on the results of random combination trials with numerous candidates, ethyl acetate: n-hexane = 4 : 1(v/v) was selected as the optimum ratio because it could form stable inverted micelles and a transparent liposome solution without phase separation. The ethyl acetate and n-hexane mixture are a potential substitute for chloroform, which may resolve concerns regarding the toxicity of residual halogenated solvents in lipid nanovesicles.
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issn 2090-9063
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publishDate 2018-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-800fcc875dfe4e1a9d530b75682676dd2025-08-20T02:08:49ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90632090-90712018-01-01201810.1155/2018/75752017575201Microfluidic Preparation of Liposomes Using Ethyl Acetate/n-Hexane Solvents as an Alternative to ChloroformEunhye Yang0Hyunjong Yu1Jun-Young Park2Kyung-Min Park3Pahn-Shick Chang4Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaAlthough liposomes have been used as a nutrient delivery carrier in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, they still suffer from the critical issue caused by the use of halogenated solvents (e.g., chloroform), which may be harmful to humans. Nonhalogenated solvents have been screened as candidate substitutes for chloroform based on their physicochemical properties. However, none of the candidates examined to date could form stable inverted micelles when used alone. Here, to obtain physicochemical properties similar to chloroform, combined mixtures were prepared using various ratios of each candidate. Based on the results of random combination trials with numerous candidates, ethyl acetate: n-hexane = 4 : 1(v/v) was selected as the optimum ratio because it could form stable inverted micelles and a transparent liposome solution without phase separation. The ethyl acetate and n-hexane mixture are a potential substitute for chloroform, which may resolve concerns regarding the toxicity of residual halogenated solvents in lipid nanovesicles.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7575201
spellingShingle Eunhye Yang
Hyunjong Yu
Jun-Young Park
Kyung-Min Park
Pahn-Shick Chang
Microfluidic Preparation of Liposomes Using Ethyl Acetate/n-Hexane Solvents as an Alternative to Chloroform
Journal of Chemistry
title Microfluidic Preparation of Liposomes Using Ethyl Acetate/n-Hexane Solvents as an Alternative to Chloroform
title_full Microfluidic Preparation of Liposomes Using Ethyl Acetate/n-Hexane Solvents as an Alternative to Chloroform
title_fullStr Microfluidic Preparation of Liposomes Using Ethyl Acetate/n-Hexane Solvents as an Alternative to Chloroform
title_full_unstemmed Microfluidic Preparation of Liposomes Using Ethyl Acetate/n-Hexane Solvents as an Alternative to Chloroform
title_short Microfluidic Preparation of Liposomes Using Ethyl Acetate/n-Hexane Solvents as an Alternative to Chloroform
title_sort microfluidic preparation of liposomes using ethyl acetate n hexane solvents as an alternative to chloroform
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7575201
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