The Effect of Vitamin D Level on the Clinical Course of the Disease in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is a significant public healthcare issue worldwide. New research suggests that there is a link between vitamin D deficiency and the progression of various infectious diseases, particularly viral infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of vitamin D...
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| Format: | Article |
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Galenos Publishing House
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Cam & Sakura Medical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://csmedj.org/articles/the-effect-of-vitamin-d-level-on-the-clinical-course-of-the-disease-in-patients-with-lower-respiratory-tract-infection/doi/csmedj.galenos.2025.2025-3-2 |
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| author | Demet Kangel Asuman Kıral |
| author_facet | Demet Kangel Asuman Kıral |
| author_sort | Demet Kangel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is a significant public healthcare issue worldwide. New research suggests that there is a link between vitamin D deficiency and the progression of various infectious diseases, particularly viral infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical course of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in hospitalised infants.
Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 178 pediatric patients (113 males, 65 females) aged 1-24 months, hospitalized with LRTI between October 15, 2017, and May 15, 2019. Patients were categorized into vitamin D deficient (<12 ng/mL, n=22), insufficient (12-20 ng/mL, n=31), and sufficient (>20 ng/mL, n=125) groups. Demographic, socio-economic, nutritional, and clinical characteristics were compared. The severity of LRTI was assessed using the Modified Wang Respiratory Scoring System. The association between indicators of disease severity [Wang score, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, oxygen therapy, length of hospitalization, and respiratory support] and vitamin D levels was analyzed.
Results: The mean 25(OH)D level was 26.53±12.14 ng/mL. A total of 29.78% (n=53) of patients had vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL. Vitamin D levels were significantly higher in infants who received regular vitamin D supplementation during the first six months and in those who were fed with formula (p<0.001). Patients with severe LRTI had noticeably lower vitamin D levels than those with mild-to-moderate cases (median: 21.20 ng/mL vs. 27.20 ng/mL, p=0.021). Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent risk factor for severe LRTI [odds ratio (OR): 4.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63-11.47], ICU admission (OR: 4.74, 95% CI: 1.73-12.94), and the need for oxygen support (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.30-5.96).
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency appears associated with more severe clinical courses in infants with LRTI. Optimizing vitamin D status could reduce morbidity. Larger prospective studies are warranted. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-800a9bf3d73949a8802f722bf0bc1305 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2791-8823 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Galenos Publishing House |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cam & Sakura Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-800a9bf3d73949a8802f722bf0bc13052025-08-20T03:36:07ZengGalenos Publishing HouseCam & Sakura Medical Journal2791-88232025-04-0151172410.4274/csmedj.galenos.2025.2025-3-2The Effect of Vitamin D Level on the Clinical Course of the Disease in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract InfectionDemet Kangel0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5360-7044Asuman Kıral1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4558-0072İstanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul, Turkeyİstanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul, TurkeyObjective: Vitamin D deficiency is a significant public healthcare issue worldwide. New research suggests that there is a link between vitamin D deficiency and the progression of various infectious diseases, particularly viral infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical course of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in hospitalised infants. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 178 pediatric patients (113 males, 65 females) aged 1-24 months, hospitalized with LRTI between October 15, 2017, and May 15, 2019. Patients were categorized into vitamin D deficient (<12 ng/mL, n=22), insufficient (12-20 ng/mL, n=31), and sufficient (>20 ng/mL, n=125) groups. Demographic, socio-economic, nutritional, and clinical characteristics were compared. The severity of LRTI was assessed using the Modified Wang Respiratory Scoring System. The association between indicators of disease severity [Wang score, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, oxygen therapy, length of hospitalization, and respiratory support] and vitamin D levels was analyzed. Results: The mean 25(OH)D level was 26.53±12.14 ng/mL. A total of 29.78% (n=53) of patients had vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL. Vitamin D levels were significantly higher in infants who received regular vitamin D supplementation during the first six months and in those who were fed with formula (p<0.001). Patients with severe LRTI had noticeably lower vitamin D levels than those with mild-to-moderate cases (median: 21.20 ng/mL vs. 27.20 ng/mL, p=0.021). Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent risk factor for severe LRTI [odds ratio (OR): 4.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63-11.47], ICU admission (OR: 4.74, 95% CI: 1.73-12.94), and the need for oxygen support (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.30-5.96). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency appears associated with more severe clinical courses in infants with LRTI. Optimizing vitamin D status could reduce morbidity. Larger prospective studies are warranted.https://csmedj.org/articles/the-effect-of-vitamin-d-level-on-the-clinical-course-of-the-disease-in-patients-with-lower-respiratory-tract-infection/doi/csmedj.galenos.2025.2025-3-2vitamin d deficiencypediatric respiratory infectiondisease severityrespiratory supportwang score |
| spellingShingle | Demet Kangel Asuman Kıral The Effect of Vitamin D Level on the Clinical Course of the Disease in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Cam & Sakura Medical Journal vitamin d deficiency pediatric respiratory infection disease severity respiratory support wang score |
| title | The Effect of Vitamin D Level on the Clinical Course of the Disease in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection |
| title_full | The Effect of Vitamin D Level on the Clinical Course of the Disease in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Vitamin D Level on the Clinical Course of the Disease in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Vitamin D Level on the Clinical Course of the Disease in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection |
| title_short | The Effect of Vitamin D Level on the Clinical Course of the Disease in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection |
| title_sort | effect of vitamin d level on the clinical course of the disease in patients with lower respiratory tract infection |
| topic | vitamin d deficiency pediatric respiratory infection disease severity respiratory support wang score |
| url | https://csmedj.org/articles/the-effect-of-vitamin-d-level-on-the-clinical-course-of-the-disease-in-patients-with-lower-respiratory-tract-infection/doi/csmedj.galenos.2025.2025-3-2 |
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