Immunity Awareness—Strategies to Improve the Degree of Acceptance of Vaccines: A Systematic Review

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Vaccine hesitancy is one of the top ten threats to global health. It is necessary to develop appropriate strategies to address vaccine hesitancy. This systematic review aimed to analyze strategies used to improve the acceptance of vaccines, address doubts, a...

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Main Authors: Alejandro Martínez-Serrano, Montserrat Pulido-Fuentes, Blanca Notario-Pacheco, Ana María Palmar-Santos, Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca, Ana Díez-Fernández
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/6/618
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author Alejandro Martínez-Serrano
Montserrat Pulido-Fuentes
Blanca Notario-Pacheco
Ana María Palmar-Santos
Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
Ana Díez-Fernández
author_facet Alejandro Martínez-Serrano
Montserrat Pulido-Fuentes
Blanca Notario-Pacheco
Ana María Palmar-Santos
Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
Ana Díez-Fernández
author_sort Alejandro Martínez-Serrano
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Vaccine hesitancy is one of the top ten threats to global health. It is necessary to develop appropriate strategies to address vaccine hesitancy. This systematic review aimed to analyze strategies used to improve the acceptance of vaccines, address doubts, and/or increase confidence and motivation in routine vaccination across all age groups. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic review was conducted of the MEDLINE, Dialnet, Scielo, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases between 2018 and 2023. The inclusion criterion was full-text studies in English or Spanish that improve the degree of acceptance of vaccines and were evaluated by vaccination rate or pre- or postintervention tests. For data extraction, each study was categorized as community education, tailored messages, media, and new technologies. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1938 studies were identified, 38 of which were selected. New technology-based interventions used in the adult population for several vaccines offer broad reach, user interaction, and data accessibility. Tailored message strategies were used mainly among parents to foster strong relationships through respectful and empathetic dialog. Community education programs were targeted mainly at adolescents, emphasizing the use of structured, appropriate and interactive materials. Media campaigns were used as a support strategy for community education and new technology strategies due to their simplicity, wide coverage, and reach. <b>Conclusions:</b> The best strategies for reducing hesitancy are multicomponent interventions with structured and organized educational content based on the reasons for hesitancy and tailored to the target population. Therefore, caution must be taken when applying interventions, given that no single strategy can address this issue.
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spelling doaj-art-7fffe3cf4ee14cc08a8a322a3a9260762025-08-20T03:32:28ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-06-0113661810.3390/vaccines13060618Immunity Awareness—Strategies to Improve the Degree of Acceptance of Vaccines: A Systematic ReviewAlejandro Martínez-Serrano0Montserrat Pulido-Fuentes1Blanca Notario-Pacheco2Ana María Palmar-Santos3Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca4Ana Díez-Fernández5Social and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, SpainFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, SpainSocial and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, SpainSocial and Health Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Vaccine hesitancy is one of the top ten threats to global health. It is necessary to develop appropriate strategies to address vaccine hesitancy. This systematic review aimed to analyze strategies used to improve the acceptance of vaccines, address doubts, and/or increase confidence and motivation in routine vaccination across all age groups. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic review was conducted of the MEDLINE, Dialnet, Scielo, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases between 2018 and 2023. The inclusion criterion was full-text studies in English or Spanish that improve the degree of acceptance of vaccines and were evaluated by vaccination rate or pre- or postintervention tests. For data extraction, each study was categorized as community education, tailored messages, media, and new technologies. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1938 studies were identified, 38 of which were selected. New technology-based interventions used in the adult population for several vaccines offer broad reach, user interaction, and data accessibility. Tailored message strategies were used mainly among parents to foster strong relationships through respectful and empathetic dialog. Community education programs were targeted mainly at adolescents, emphasizing the use of structured, appropriate and interactive materials. Media campaigns were used as a support strategy for community education and new technology strategies due to their simplicity, wide coverage, and reach. <b>Conclusions:</b> The best strategies for reducing hesitancy are multicomponent interventions with structured and organized educational content based on the reasons for hesitancy and tailored to the target population. Therefore, caution must be taken when applying interventions, given that no single strategy can address this issue.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/6/618vaccination hesitancyvaccine hesitancyvaccinesvaccinationvaccination refusalintervention
spellingShingle Alejandro Martínez-Serrano
Montserrat Pulido-Fuentes
Blanca Notario-Pacheco
Ana María Palmar-Santos
Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
Ana Díez-Fernández
Immunity Awareness—Strategies to Improve the Degree of Acceptance of Vaccines: A Systematic Review
Vaccines
vaccination hesitancy
vaccine hesitancy
vaccines
vaccination
vaccination refusal
intervention
title Immunity Awareness—Strategies to Improve the Degree of Acceptance of Vaccines: A Systematic Review
title_full Immunity Awareness—Strategies to Improve the Degree of Acceptance of Vaccines: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Immunity Awareness—Strategies to Improve the Degree of Acceptance of Vaccines: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Immunity Awareness—Strategies to Improve the Degree of Acceptance of Vaccines: A Systematic Review
title_short Immunity Awareness—Strategies to Improve the Degree of Acceptance of Vaccines: A Systematic Review
title_sort immunity awareness strategies to improve the degree of acceptance of vaccines a systematic review
topic vaccination hesitancy
vaccine hesitancy
vaccines
vaccination
vaccination refusal
intervention
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/6/618
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