Genetic isolation and metabolic complexity of an Antarctic subglacial microbiome

Abstract Microbes inhabiting and evolving in aquatic ecosystems beneath polar ice sheets subsist under energy-limited conditions while in relative isolation from surface gene pools and their common ancestral populations of origin. Samples obtained from beneath West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) allowed...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kyung Mo Kim, Kyuin Hwang, Hanbyul Lee, Ahnna Cho, Christina L. Davis, Brent C. Christner, John C. Priscu, Ok-Sun Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62753-3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849234164322140160
author Kyung Mo Kim
Kyuin Hwang
Hanbyul Lee
Ahnna Cho
Christina L. Davis
Brent C. Christner
John C. Priscu
Ok-Sun Kim
author_facet Kyung Mo Kim
Kyuin Hwang
Hanbyul Lee
Ahnna Cho
Christina L. Davis
Brent C. Christner
John C. Priscu
Ok-Sun Kim
author_sort Kyung Mo Kim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Microbes inhabiting and evolving in aquatic ecosystems beneath polar ice sheets subsist under energy-limited conditions while in relative isolation from surface gene pools and their common ancestral populations of origin. Samples obtained from beneath West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) allowed us to examine evolutionary relationships of and identify metabolic pathways in microbial genomes recovered from the Mercer Subglacial Lake (SLM) ecosystem. We obtained 1,374 single-cell amplified genomes (SAGs) from individual bacterial and archaeal cells that were isolated from samples of SLM’s water column and sediments. These genomes reveal that a diversity of microorganisms including Patescibacteria exists in SLM. Comparative analyses show that most genomes correspond to new species and taxonomic groups, with phylogenomic and functional evidence supporting their genetic isolation from marine and surface biomes. Genomic data reveal diverse metabolisms in SLM that are capable of oxidizing organic and inorganic compounds via aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Distinct metabolic guild structures are observed for the subglacial populations, where trophic shifts from organotrophy to chemolithotrophy may depend on oxygen availability. Our SAG data suggest versatile metabolic capabilities in the characterized microbial assemblage, reveal key energy-generating strategies in the subglacial aquatic ecosystem, and provide a framework to assess microbial evolution beneath WAIS.
format Article
id doaj-art-7ff94ff9e72c4083be59420228bf2cef
institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-7ff94ff9e72c4083be59420228bf2cef2025-08-20T04:03:13ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-0116111610.1038/s41467-025-62753-3Genetic isolation and metabolic complexity of an Antarctic subglacial microbiomeKyung Mo Kim0Kyuin Hwang1Hanbyul Lee2Ahnna Cho3Christina L. Davis4Brent C. Christner5John C. Priscu6Ok-Sun Kim7Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-guDivision of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-guDivision of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-guDivision of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-guDepartment of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of FloridaDepartment of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of FloridaDepartment of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences-Emeritus, Montana State UniversityDivision of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-guAbstract Microbes inhabiting and evolving in aquatic ecosystems beneath polar ice sheets subsist under energy-limited conditions while in relative isolation from surface gene pools and their common ancestral populations of origin. Samples obtained from beneath West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) allowed us to examine evolutionary relationships of and identify metabolic pathways in microbial genomes recovered from the Mercer Subglacial Lake (SLM) ecosystem. We obtained 1,374 single-cell amplified genomes (SAGs) from individual bacterial and archaeal cells that were isolated from samples of SLM’s water column and sediments. These genomes reveal that a diversity of microorganisms including Patescibacteria exists in SLM. Comparative analyses show that most genomes correspond to new species and taxonomic groups, with phylogenomic and functional evidence supporting their genetic isolation from marine and surface biomes. Genomic data reveal diverse metabolisms in SLM that are capable of oxidizing organic and inorganic compounds via aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Distinct metabolic guild structures are observed for the subglacial populations, where trophic shifts from organotrophy to chemolithotrophy may depend on oxygen availability. Our SAG data suggest versatile metabolic capabilities in the characterized microbial assemblage, reveal key energy-generating strategies in the subglacial aquatic ecosystem, and provide a framework to assess microbial evolution beneath WAIS.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62753-3
spellingShingle Kyung Mo Kim
Kyuin Hwang
Hanbyul Lee
Ahnna Cho
Christina L. Davis
Brent C. Christner
John C. Priscu
Ok-Sun Kim
Genetic isolation and metabolic complexity of an Antarctic subglacial microbiome
Nature Communications
title Genetic isolation and metabolic complexity of an Antarctic subglacial microbiome
title_full Genetic isolation and metabolic complexity of an Antarctic subglacial microbiome
title_fullStr Genetic isolation and metabolic complexity of an Antarctic subglacial microbiome
title_full_unstemmed Genetic isolation and metabolic complexity of an Antarctic subglacial microbiome
title_short Genetic isolation and metabolic complexity of an Antarctic subglacial microbiome
title_sort genetic isolation and metabolic complexity of an antarctic subglacial microbiome
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62753-3
work_keys_str_mv AT kyungmokim geneticisolationandmetaboliccomplexityofanantarcticsubglacialmicrobiome
AT kyuinhwang geneticisolationandmetaboliccomplexityofanantarcticsubglacialmicrobiome
AT hanbyullee geneticisolationandmetaboliccomplexityofanantarcticsubglacialmicrobiome
AT ahnnacho geneticisolationandmetaboliccomplexityofanantarcticsubglacialmicrobiome
AT christinaldavis geneticisolationandmetaboliccomplexityofanantarcticsubglacialmicrobiome
AT brentcchristner geneticisolationandmetaboliccomplexityofanantarcticsubglacialmicrobiome
AT johncpriscu geneticisolationandmetaboliccomplexityofanantarcticsubglacialmicrobiome
AT oksunkim geneticisolationandmetaboliccomplexityofanantarcticsubglacialmicrobiome