Lessons learned from the rise and the fall of floral hemp production in Utah

Abstract The floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) industry rapidly emerged in Utah in 2019 with 217 licensed growers on nearly 400 ha and has since declined annually due to market uncertainty. This scenario provided a unique opportunity to understand barriers to market entry, production challenges, and...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tina Sullivan, Matt Yost, Jessica Schad, Marion Murray
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70121
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849434846158389248
author Tina Sullivan
Matt Yost
Jessica Schad
Marion Murray
author_facet Tina Sullivan
Matt Yost
Jessica Schad
Marion Murray
author_sort Tina Sullivan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) industry rapidly emerged in Utah in 2019 with 217 licensed growers on nearly 400 ha and has since declined annually due to market uncertainty. This scenario provided a unique opportunity to understand barriers to market entry, production challenges, and opportunities for research and education for this emerging crop. To gather information, we delivered an online survey in spring 2021 to licensed floral hemp Utah growers. Note that 85 complete responses were received by August, representing 72% of Utah counties and covering both outdoor and indoor production. Many respondents (62%) grew more than one cultivar, with Trump, Cherry Wine, and Trophy Wife being most common. Fertilizer needs were determined by plant vigor visual symptoms (14%) or crop consultants’ recommendations (16%), and often in combination with commercial lab recommendations (25%). Growers commonly reported limited fertilizer applications and those who did apply N used a rate of 10–160 kg N ha−1. Irrigation by drip was most common, with rates ranging between 279 and 508 mm (35%), and previous experience (35%) and soil moisture sensors (47%) were the most common rate determinants. Pest management responses were less focused with a wide range of reported pests. Reported production costs ranged widely from $1200 to $49,000 ha−1 with 43% of respondents not selling their harvested biomass at season end and often storing material, which required them to continue holding a license. Results indicate opportunities for improved fertilizer, irrigation, and pest management practices for hemp producers in Utah to narrow and refine product quality, production costs, and revenues.
format Article
id doaj-art-7ff656f5371b4e8ea6a998705d1757c2
institution Kabale University
issn 2639-6696
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
spelling doaj-art-7ff656f5371b4e8ea6a998705d1757c22025-08-20T03:26:30ZengWileyAgrosystems, Geosciences & Environment2639-66962025-06-0182n/an/a10.1002/agg2.70121Lessons learned from the rise and the fall of floral hemp production in UtahTina Sullivan0Matt Yost1Jessica Schad2Marion Murray3Plants, Soils, and Climate Department Utah State University Logan Utah USAPlants, Soils, and Climate Department Utah State University Logan Utah USADepartment of Sociology and Anthropology Utah State University Logan Utah USAPlants, Soils, and Climate Department Utah State University Logan Utah USAAbstract The floral hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) industry rapidly emerged in Utah in 2019 with 217 licensed growers on nearly 400 ha and has since declined annually due to market uncertainty. This scenario provided a unique opportunity to understand barriers to market entry, production challenges, and opportunities for research and education for this emerging crop. To gather information, we delivered an online survey in spring 2021 to licensed floral hemp Utah growers. Note that 85 complete responses were received by August, representing 72% of Utah counties and covering both outdoor and indoor production. Many respondents (62%) grew more than one cultivar, with Trump, Cherry Wine, and Trophy Wife being most common. Fertilizer needs were determined by plant vigor visual symptoms (14%) or crop consultants’ recommendations (16%), and often in combination with commercial lab recommendations (25%). Growers commonly reported limited fertilizer applications and those who did apply N used a rate of 10–160 kg N ha−1. Irrigation by drip was most common, with rates ranging between 279 and 508 mm (35%), and previous experience (35%) and soil moisture sensors (47%) were the most common rate determinants. Pest management responses were less focused with a wide range of reported pests. Reported production costs ranged widely from $1200 to $49,000 ha−1 with 43% of respondents not selling their harvested biomass at season end and often storing material, which required them to continue holding a license. Results indicate opportunities for improved fertilizer, irrigation, and pest management practices for hemp producers in Utah to narrow and refine product quality, production costs, and revenues.https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70121
spellingShingle Tina Sullivan
Matt Yost
Jessica Schad
Marion Murray
Lessons learned from the rise and the fall of floral hemp production in Utah
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
title Lessons learned from the rise and the fall of floral hemp production in Utah
title_full Lessons learned from the rise and the fall of floral hemp production in Utah
title_fullStr Lessons learned from the rise and the fall of floral hemp production in Utah
title_full_unstemmed Lessons learned from the rise and the fall of floral hemp production in Utah
title_short Lessons learned from the rise and the fall of floral hemp production in Utah
title_sort lessons learned from the rise and the fall of floral hemp production in utah
url https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70121
work_keys_str_mv AT tinasullivan lessonslearnedfromtheriseandthefalloffloralhempproductioninutah
AT mattyost lessonslearnedfromtheriseandthefalloffloralhempproductioninutah
AT jessicaschad lessonslearnedfromtheriseandthefalloffloralhempproductioninutah
AT marionmurray lessonslearnedfromtheriseandthefalloffloralhempproductioninutah