Unsymmetrical Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Ligands and Their Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity

The widespread use of organic dyes in industrial processes has led to a considerable release of these compounds into water systems, making the removal of organic contaminants from freshwater a pressing challenge. Photocatalysis, particularly through coordination compounds, presents a promising solut...

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Main Authors: Rodrigo Burón, David G. Calatayud, M. A. Mendiola, Elena López-Torres
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Inorganics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/13/2/40
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author Rodrigo Burón
David G. Calatayud
M. A. Mendiola
Elena López-Torres
author_facet Rodrigo Burón
David G. Calatayud
M. A. Mendiola
Elena López-Torres
author_sort Rodrigo Burón
collection DOAJ
description The widespread use of organic dyes in industrial processes has led to a considerable release of these compounds into water systems, making the removal of organic contaminants from freshwater a pressing challenge. Photocatalysis, particularly through coordination compounds, presents a promising solution to this problem. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of three novel dissymmetric bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands and their corresponding nickel(II) complexes, which have been extensively analyzed using various techniques. We evaluated the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by these nickel complexes, with results demonstrating that they exhibit superior efficiency compared to previously reported nickel-based complexes. Theoretical calculations reveal a correlation between the HOMO–LUMO energy gap and the energies of the involved orbitals. Additionally, with the growing demand for sustainable fuels that do not contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, molecular hydrogen stands out as a promising candidate. Given the potential of bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, we performed preliminary experiments to assess the ability of these nickel complexes to function as photocatalysts for water splitting. The results show that the three nickel complexes successfully generate hydrogen under the tested conditions, although further optimization is necessary to improve hydrogen production efficiency.
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spelling doaj-art-7fe3ede65dfd4103a69eb505024e83fa2025-08-20T02:44:56ZengMDPI AGInorganics2304-67402025-01-011324010.3390/inorganics13020040Unsymmetrical Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Ligands and Their Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic ActivityRodrigo Burón0David G. Calatayud1M. A. Mendiola2Elena López-Torres3Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainThe widespread use of organic dyes in industrial processes has led to a considerable release of these compounds into water systems, making the removal of organic contaminants from freshwater a pressing challenge. Photocatalysis, particularly through coordination compounds, presents a promising solution to this problem. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of three novel dissymmetric bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands and their corresponding nickel(II) complexes, which have been extensively analyzed using various techniques. We evaluated the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by these nickel complexes, with results demonstrating that they exhibit superior efficiency compared to previously reported nickel-based complexes. Theoretical calculations reveal a correlation between the HOMO–LUMO energy gap and the energies of the involved orbitals. Additionally, with the growing demand for sustainable fuels that do not contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, molecular hydrogen stands out as a promising candidate. Given the potential of bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, we performed preliminary experiments to assess the ability of these nickel complexes to function as photocatalysts for water splitting. The results show that the three nickel complexes successfully generate hydrogen under the tested conditions, although further optimization is necessary to improve hydrogen production efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/13/2/40thiosemicarbazonesnickelelectrocatalysisHER
spellingShingle Rodrigo Burón
David G. Calatayud
M. A. Mendiola
Elena López-Torres
Unsymmetrical Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Ligands and Their Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity
Inorganics
thiosemicarbazones
nickel
electrocatalysis
HER
title Unsymmetrical Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Ligands and Their Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity
title_full Unsymmetrical Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Ligands and Their Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity
title_fullStr Unsymmetrical Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Ligands and Their Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity
title_full_unstemmed Unsymmetrical Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Ligands and Their Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity
title_short Unsymmetrical Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Ligands and Their Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity
title_sort unsymmetrical bis thiosemicarbazone ligands and their nickel ii complexes synthesis characterization and photocatalytic activity
topic thiosemicarbazones
nickel
electrocatalysis
HER
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/13/2/40
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