New Class of Estimators for Finite Population Mean Under Stratified Double Phase Sampling with Simulation and Real-Life Application

Sampling survey data can sometimes contain outlier observations. When the mean estimator becomes skewed due to the presence of extreme values in the sample, results can be biased. The tendency to remove outliers from sample data is common. However, performing such removal can reduce the accuracy of...

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Main Authors: Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi, Hleil Alrweili
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/3/329
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author Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi
Hleil Alrweili
author_facet Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi
Hleil Alrweili
author_sort Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi
collection DOAJ
description Sampling survey data can sometimes contain outlier observations. When the mean estimator becomes skewed due to the presence of extreme values in the sample, results can be biased. The tendency to remove outliers from sample data is common. However, performing such removal can reduce the accuracy of conventional estimating techniques, particularly with regard to the mean square error (MSE). In order to increase population mean estimation accuracy while taking extreme values into consideration, this study presents an enhanced class of estimators. The method uses extreme values from an auxiliary variable as a source of information rather than eliminating these outliers. Using a first-order approximation, the properties of the suggested class of estimators are investigated within the context of a stratified two-phase sampling framework. A simulation research is conducted to examine the practical performance of these estimators in order to validate the theoretical conclusions. To further demonstrate the superiority of the suggested class of estimators for dealing with extreme values, an analysis of three different datasets demonstrates that they consistently provide higher percent relative efficiency (PRE) when compared to existing estimators.
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spelling doaj-art-7fe3b0cb9b184ac7be44c0b623a016b92025-08-20T02:48:06ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-01-0113332910.3390/math13030329New Class of Estimators for Finite Population Mean Under Stratified Double Phase Sampling with Simulation and Real-Life ApplicationAbdulaziz S. Alghamdi0Hleil Alrweili1Department of Mathematics, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 344, Rabigh 21911, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi ArabiaSampling survey data can sometimes contain outlier observations. When the mean estimator becomes skewed due to the presence of extreme values in the sample, results can be biased. The tendency to remove outliers from sample data is common. However, performing such removal can reduce the accuracy of conventional estimating techniques, particularly with regard to the mean square error (MSE). In order to increase population mean estimation accuracy while taking extreme values into consideration, this study presents an enhanced class of estimators. The method uses extreme values from an auxiliary variable as a source of information rather than eliminating these outliers. Using a first-order approximation, the properties of the suggested class of estimators are investigated within the context of a stratified two-phase sampling framework. A simulation research is conducted to examine the practical performance of these estimators in order to validate the theoretical conclusions. To further demonstrate the superiority of the suggested class of estimators for dealing with extreme values, an analysis of three different datasets demonstrates that they consistently provide higher percent relative efficiency (PRE) when compared to existing estimators.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/3/329mean estimationstratified double phase samplingauxiliary informationoutliersbiaspercent relative efficiency
spellingShingle Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi
Hleil Alrweili
New Class of Estimators for Finite Population Mean Under Stratified Double Phase Sampling with Simulation and Real-Life Application
Mathematics
mean estimation
stratified double phase sampling
auxiliary information
outliers
bias
percent relative efficiency
title New Class of Estimators for Finite Population Mean Under Stratified Double Phase Sampling with Simulation and Real-Life Application
title_full New Class of Estimators for Finite Population Mean Under Stratified Double Phase Sampling with Simulation and Real-Life Application
title_fullStr New Class of Estimators for Finite Population Mean Under Stratified Double Phase Sampling with Simulation and Real-Life Application
title_full_unstemmed New Class of Estimators for Finite Population Mean Under Stratified Double Phase Sampling with Simulation and Real-Life Application
title_short New Class of Estimators for Finite Population Mean Under Stratified Double Phase Sampling with Simulation and Real-Life Application
title_sort new class of estimators for finite population mean under stratified double phase sampling with simulation and real life application
topic mean estimation
stratified double phase sampling
auxiliary information
outliers
bias
percent relative efficiency
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/3/329
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