A review of approaches to the integration of humanitarian and development aid: the case of drought management in the Horn of Africa
Whether and how to link humanitarian assistance and long-term development aid are questions that have underlain polarized debates in policy, practical, and theoretical spaces over recent years. This is due in large part to the diversity of actors, institutional mandates, funding sources, programmes...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Pastoralism |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/past.2025.14001/full |
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| author | Tahira Shariff Mohamed Todd Andrew Crane Samuel Derbyshire Guyo Roba |
| author_facet | Tahira Shariff Mohamed Todd Andrew Crane Samuel Derbyshire Guyo Roba |
| author_sort | Tahira Shariff Mohamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Whether and how to link humanitarian assistance and long-term development aid are questions that have underlain polarized debates in policy, practical, and theoretical spaces over recent years. This is due in large part to the diversity of actors, institutional mandates, funding sources, programmes (themselves always changing), and operational dynamics that exist between the two domains. In pastoral areas of the Horn of Africa, which experience recurrent drought emergencies, integrating the two forms of assistance has been attempted in several instances, which have often been disjointed and have sought to grapple with an unpredictable terrain of shifting policies and program designs. Such challenges have been further compounded by a substantial disconnect between programming (across humanitarian aid and resilience building) and existing pastoralist practices and strategies comprising local social safety nets. Using a comprehensive literature review, this paper explores some of the practical strategies that have been implemented to integrate these two forms of assistance over recent years. It surveys implications that arise in relation to the question of how best to address persistent drought in the Horn of Africa. Interrogating mechanisms for enhancing aid efficiency and effectiveness including crisis modifiers and contingency planning, the paper examines what progress has been made in transitioning from reactive, short-term emergency response to long-term development and what barriers still exist. It also considers Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction (CMDRR), a modality envisaged by many as a bridge for enhancing local ownership and thus sustainability of both kinds of intervention. In doing so, the paper argues that despite multiple policy shifts and the adoption of new frameworks (including, recently, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development’s Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative - IDDRSI), when it comes to practical implementation, there has been little progress. We suggest that this is due in part to the well documented complexity of the aid system, and the forms of bureaucracy and upward accountability that make change extremely difficult, and in part to a lack of meaningful community participation in planning and practice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7fcdd1b915a6471f93e1bdb1cdc64124 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-7136 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pastoralism |
| spelling | doaj-art-7fcdd1b915a6471f93e1bdb1cdc641242025-01-24T04:11:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Pastoralism2041-71362025-01-011510.3389/past.2025.1400114001A review of approaches to the integration of humanitarian and development aid: the case of drought management in the Horn of AfricaTahira Shariff Mohamed0Todd Andrew Crane1Samuel Derbyshire2Guyo Roba3Livestock, Climate and Environment, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaLivestock, Climate and Environment, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaLivestock, Climate and Environment, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaPeople, Policies and Institutions, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaWhether and how to link humanitarian assistance and long-term development aid are questions that have underlain polarized debates in policy, practical, and theoretical spaces over recent years. This is due in large part to the diversity of actors, institutional mandates, funding sources, programmes (themselves always changing), and operational dynamics that exist between the two domains. In pastoral areas of the Horn of Africa, which experience recurrent drought emergencies, integrating the two forms of assistance has been attempted in several instances, which have often been disjointed and have sought to grapple with an unpredictable terrain of shifting policies and program designs. Such challenges have been further compounded by a substantial disconnect between programming (across humanitarian aid and resilience building) and existing pastoralist practices and strategies comprising local social safety nets. Using a comprehensive literature review, this paper explores some of the practical strategies that have been implemented to integrate these two forms of assistance over recent years. It surveys implications that arise in relation to the question of how best to address persistent drought in the Horn of Africa. Interrogating mechanisms for enhancing aid efficiency and effectiveness including crisis modifiers and contingency planning, the paper examines what progress has been made in transitioning from reactive, short-term emergency response to long-term development and what barriers still exist. It also considers Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction (CMDRR), a modality envisaged by many as a bridge for enhancing local ownership and thus sustainability of both kinds of intervention. In doing so, the paper argues that despite multiple policy shifts and the adoption of new frameworks (including, recently, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development’s Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative - IDDRSI), when it comes to practical implementation, there has been little progress. We suggest that this is due in part to the well documented complexity of the aid system, and the forms of bureaucracy and upward accountability that make change extremely difficult, and in part to a lack of meaningful community participation in planning and practice.https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/past.2025.14001/fulldevelopment aidintegrationdrought managementresilienceHorn of Africahumanitarian assistance |
| spellingShingle | Tahira Shariff Mohamed Todd Andrew Crane Samuel Derbyshire Guyo Roba A review of approaches to the integration of humanitarian and development aid: the case of drought management in the Horn of Africa Pastoralism development aid integration drought management resilience Horn of Africa humanitarian assistance |
| title | A review of approaches to the integration of humanitarian and development aid: the case of drought management in the Horn of Africa |
| title_full | A review of approaches to the integration of humanitarian and development aid: the case of drought management in the Horn of Africa |
| title_fullStr | A review of approaches to the integration of humanitarian and development aid: the case of drought management in the Horn of Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | A review of approaches to the integration of humanitarian and development aid: the case of drought management in the Horn of Africa |
| title_short | A review of approaches to the integration of humanitarian and development aid: the case of drought management in the Horn of Africa |
| title_sort | review of approaches to the integration of humanitarian and development aid the case of drought management in the horn of africa |
| topic | development aid integration drought management resilience Horn of Africa humanitarian assistance |
| url | https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/past.2025.14001/full |
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