The blood–brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases
Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) diseases are major contributors to death and disability worldwide. However, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) often prevents drugs intended for CNS diseases from effectively crossing into the brain parenchyma to deliver their therapeutic effects. The blood–brain...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03247-8 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850045775753510912 |
|---|---|
| author | Jiajun Liu Ting Wang Jian Dong Yuan Lu |
| author_facet | Jiajun Liu Ting Wang Jian Dong Yuan Lu |
| author_sort | Jiajun Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) diseases are major contributors to death and disability worldwide. However, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) often prevents drugs intended for CNS diseases from effectively crossing into the brain parenchyma to deliver their therapeutic effects. The blood–brain barrier is a semi-permeable barrier with high selectivity. The BBB primarily manages the transport of substances between the blood and the CNS. To enhance drug delivery for CNS disease treatment, various brain-based drug delivery strategies overcoming the BBB have been developed. Among them, nanoparticles (NPs) have been emphasized due to their multiple excellent properties. This review starts with an overview of the BBB’s anatomical structure and physiological roles, and then explores the mechanisms, both endogenous and exogenous, that facilitate the NP passage across the BBB. The text also delves into how nanoparticles' shape, charge, size, and surface ligands affect their ability to cross the BBB and offers an overview of different nanoparticle classifications. This review concludes with an examination of the current challenges in utilizing nanomaterials for brain drug delivery and discusses corresponding directions for solutions. This review aims to propose innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CNS diseases and enhance drug design for more effective delivery across the BBB. Graphical abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7fc2f7ee4f3145e9995d744a89fb98d0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1477-3155 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7fc2f7ee4f3145e9995d744a89fb98d02025-08-20T02:54:37ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-02-0123112910.1186/s12951-025-03247-8The blood–brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseasesJiajun Liu0Ting Wang1Jian Dong2Yuan Lu3State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityTianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityAbstract The central nervous system (CNS) diseases are major contributors to death and disability worldwide. However, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) often prevents drugs intended for CNS diseases from effectively crossing into the brain parenchyma to deliver their therapeutic effects. The blood–brain barrier is a semi-permeable barrier with high selectivity. The BBB primarily manages the transport of substances between the blood and the CNS. To enhance drug delivery for CNS disease treatment, various brain-based drug delivery strategies overcoming the BBB have been developed. Among them, nanoparticles (NPs) have been emphasized due to their multiple excellent properties. This review starts with an overview of the BBB’s anatomical structure and physiological roles, and then explores the mechanisms, both endogenous and exogenous, that facilitate the NP passage across the BBB. The text also delves into how nanoparticles' shape, charge, size, and surface ligands affect their ability to cross the BBB and offers an overview of different nanoparticle classifications. This review concludes with an examination of the current challenges in utilizing nanomaterials for brain drug delivery and discusses corresponding directions for solutions. This review aims to propose innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CNS diseases and enhance drug design for more effective delivery across the BBB. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03247-8Central nervous systemBlood–brain barrierBrain-based drug deliveryNanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Jiajun Liu Ting Wang Jian Dong Yuan Lu The blood–brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases Journal of Nanobiotechnology Central nervous system Blood–brain barrier Brain-based drug delivery Nanoparticles |
| title | The blood–brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases |
| title_full | The blood–brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases |
| title_fullStr | The blood–brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The blood–brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases |
| title_short | The blood–brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases |
| title_sort | blood brain barriers novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases |
| topic | Central nervous system Blood–brain barrier Brain-based drug delivery Nanoparticles |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03247-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiajunliu thebloodbrainbarriersnovelnanocarriersforcentralnervoussystemdiseases AT tingwang thebloodbrainbarriersnovelnanocarriersforcentralnervoussystemdiseases AT jiandong thebloodbrainbarriersnovelnanocarriersforcentralnervoussystemdiseases AT yuanlu thebloodbrainbarriersnovelnanocarriersforcentralnervoussystemdiseases AT jiajunliu bloodbrainbarriersnovelnanocarriersforcentralnervoussystemdiseases AT tingwang bloodbrainbarriersnovelnanocarriersforcentralnervoussystemdiseases AT jiandong bloodbrainbarriersnovelnanocarriersforcentralnervoussystemdiseases AT yuanlu bloodbrainbarriersnovelnanocarriersforcentralnervoussystemdiseases |