Developments in Deep Learning Artificial Neural Network Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and Interpretation

Deep learning has revolutionised medical image analysis, offering the possibility of automated, efficient, and highly accurate diagnostic solutions. This article explores recent developments in deep learning techniques applied to medical imaging, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for cl...

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Main Authors: Olamilekan Shobayo, Reza Saatchi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Diagnostics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/9/1072
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author Olamilekan Shobayo
Reza Saatchi
author_facet Olamilekan Shobayo
Reza Saatchi
author_sort Olamilekan Shobayo
collection DOAJ
description Deep learning has revolutionised medical image analysis, offering the possibility of automated, efficient, and highly accurate diagnostic solutions. This article explores recent developments in deep learning techniques applied to medical imaging, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classification and segmentation, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for temporal analysis, autoencoders for feature extraction, and generative adversarial networks (GANs) for image synthesis and augmentation. Additionally, U-Net models for segmentation, vision transformers (ViTs) for global feature extraction, and hybrid models integrating multiple architectures are explored. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) process were used, and searches on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were conducted. The findings highlight key challenges such as data availability, interpretability, overfitting, and computational requirements. While deep learning has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy across multiple medical imaging modalities—including MRI, CT, US, and X-ray—factors such as model trust, data privacy, and ethical considerations remain ongoing concerns. The study underscores the importance of integrating multimodal data, improving computational efficiency, and advancing explainability to facilitate broader clinical adoption. Future research directions emphasize optimising deep learning models for real-time applications, enhancing interpretability, and integrating deep learning with existing healthcare frameworks for improved patient outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-7fc2078b2bb847108985ef3cf7247a282025-08-20T01:49:14ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-04-01159107210.3390/diagnostics15091072Developments in Deep Learning Artificial Neural Network Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and InterpretationOlamilekan Shobayo0Reza Saatchi1School of Engineering and Built Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, Pond Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UKSchool of Engineering and Built Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, Pond Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UKDeep learning has revolutionised medical image analysis, offering the possibility of automated, efficient, and highly accurate diagnostic solutions. This article explores recent developments in deep learning techniques applied to medical imaging, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classification and segmentation, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for temporal analysis, autoencoders for feature extraction, and generative adversarial networks (GANs) for image synthesis and augmentation. Additionally, U-Net models for segmentation, vision transformers (ViTs) for global feature extraction, and hybrid models integrating multiple architectures are explored. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) process were used, and searches on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were conducted. The findings highlight key challenges such as data availability, interpretability, overfitting, and computational requirements. While deep learning has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy across multiple medical imaging modalities—including MRI, CT, US, and X-ray—factors such as model trust, data privacy, and ethical considerations remain ongoing concerns. The study underscores the importance of integrating multimodal data, improving computational efficiency, and advancing explainability to facilitate broader clinical adoption. Future research directions emphasize optimising deep learning models for real-time applications, enhancing interpretability, and integrating deep learning with existing healthcare frameworks for improved patient outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/9/1072artificial intelligenceartificial neural networksmedical image analysisdeep learningimage classification and pattern recognition
spellingShingle Olamilekan Shobayo
Reza Saatchi
Developments in Deep Learning Artificial Neural Network Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and Interpretation
Diagnostics
artificial intelligence
artificial neural networks
medical image analysis
deep learning
image classification and pattern recognition
title Developments in Deep Learning Artificial Neural Network Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and Interpretation
title_full Developments in Deep Learning Artificial Neural Network Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and Interpretation
title_fullStr Developments in Deep Learning Artificial Neural Network Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and Interpretation
title_full_unstemmed Developments in Deep Learning Artificial Neural Network Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and Interpretation
title_short Developments in Deep Learning Artificial Neural Network Techniques for Medical Image Analysis and Interpretation
title_sort developments in deep learning artificial neural network techniques for medical image analysis and interpretation
topic artificial intelligence
artificial neural networks
medical image analysis
deep learning
image classification and pattern recognition
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/9/1072
work_keys_str_mv AT olamilekanshobayo developmentsindeeplearningartificialneuralnetworktechniquesformedicalimageanalysisandinterpretation
AT rezasaatchi developmentsindeeplearningartificialneuralnetworktechniquesformedicalimageanalysisandinterpretation