Gas–liquid two-phase bubble flow spinning for hydrovoltaic flexible electronics

Abstract Hydrovoltaic technologies that generate electricity by absorbing or transferring free water without chemical reactions have been explored as potential candidates for renewable energy. Self-powered flexible sensors, including hydrovoltaic fibers, are becoming an important research direction...

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Main Authors: Yuanming Cao, Ji Tan, Tingting Sun, Yechuan Deng, Min Zhang, Shiwei Guan, Xianming Zhang, Chao Wei, Panpan Huo, Mingpeng Zhuo, Hongqin Zhu, Jiajun Qiu, Xuanyong Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59585-6
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author Yuanming Cao
Ji Tan
Tingting Sun
Yechuan Deng
Min Zhang
Shiwei Guan
Xianming Zhang
Chao Wei
Panpan Huo
Mingpeng Zhuo
Hongqin Zhu
Jiajun Qiu
Xuanyong Liu
author_facet Yuanming Cao
Ji Tan
Tingting Sun
Yechuan Deng
Min Zhang
Shiwei Guan
Xianming Zhang
Chao Wei
Panpan Huo
Mingpeng Zhuo
Hongqin Zhu
Jiajun Qiu
Xuanyong Liu
author_sort Yuanming Cao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Hydrovoltaic technologies that generate electricity by absorbing or transferring free water without chemical reactions have been explored as potential candidates for renewable energy. Self-powered flexible sensors, including hydrovoltaic fibers, are becoming an important research direction in the field of renewable energy. However, integrating sensing and power generation in functional fibers remains challenging due to the need to regulate water movement to achieve performance differences. Here, we present a gas-liquid two-phase flow spinning method, inspired by spider multimodal spinning, that uses bubble-triggered spinning-liquid deformation to fabricate hollow, solid spindle, and ratchet tooth-shaped fibers. These structures alter water adsorption and transfer behaviors, making them suitable for targeted applications in hydrovoltaic devices for energy and sensing fields. Shaped fibers prepared from alginate-bridged MoS₂ enable a wide range of hydrovoltaic applications. The obtained fiber has a power density of 2.18 mW/cm3, stable operation at 2.1 V for 43 hours, and sensitivity of 9.36 mV/RH%/s, leading to the development of smart masks for nasal cycle monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy as potential applications. Spinning materials were extended to materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., inspiring the design of structure-responsive hydroelectric materials and advancing textile electronics.
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spelling doaj-art-7fb16249e7554ba7b98c0d4fe7005f292025-08-20T02:25:08ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111410.1038/s41467-025-59585-6Gas–liquid two-phase bubble flow spinning for hydrovoltaic flexible electronicsYuanming Cao0Ji Tan1Tingting Sun2Yechuan Deng3Min Zhang4Shiwei Guan5Xianming Zhang6Chao Wei7Panpan Huo8Mingpeng Zhuo9Hongqin Zhu10Jiajun Qiu11Xuanyong Liu12State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua UniversityInstitute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua UniversityAbstract Hydrovoltaic technologies that generate electricity by absorbing or transferring free water without chemical reactions have been explored as potential candidates for renewable energy. Self-powered flexible sensors, including hydrovoltaic fibers, are becoming an important research direction in the field of renewable energy. However, integrating sensing and power generation in functional fibers remains challenging due to the need to regulate water movement to achieve performance differences. Here, we present a gas-liquid two-phase flow spinning method, inspired by spider multimodal spinning, that uses bubble-triggered spinning-liquid deformation to fabricate hollow, solid spindle, and ratchet tooth-shaped fibers. These structures alter water adsorption and transfer behaviors, making them suitable for targeted applications in hydrovoltaic devices for energy and sensing fields. Shaped fibers prepared from alginate-bridged MoS₂ enable a wide range of hydrovoltaic applications. The obtained fiber has a power density of 2.18 mW/cm3, stable operation at 2.1 V for 43 hours, and sensitivity of 9.36 mV/RH%/s, leading to the development of smart masks for nasal cycle monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy as potential applications. Spinning materials were extended to materials such as carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., inspiring the design of structure-responsive hydroelectric materials and advancing textile electronics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59585-6
spellingShingle Yuanming Cao
Ji Tan
Tingting Sun
Yechuan Deng
Min Zhang
Shiwei Guan
Xianming Zhang
Chao Wei
Panpan Huo
Mingpeng Zhuo
Hongqin Zhu
Jiajun Qiu
Xuanyong Liu
Gas–liquid two-phase bubble flow spinning for hydrovoltaic flexible electronics
Nature Communications
title Gas–liquid two-phase bubble flow spinning for hydrovoltaic flexible electronics
title_full Gas–liquid two-phase bubble flow spinning for hydrovoltaic flexible electronics
title_fullStr Gas–liquid two-phase bubble flow spinning for hydrovoltaic flexible electronics
title_full_unstemmed Gas–liquid two-phase bubble flow spinning for hydrovoltaic flexible electronics
title_short Gas–liquid two-phase bubble flow spinning for hydrovoltaic flexible electronics
title_sort gas liquid two phase bubble flow spinning for hydrovoltaic flexible electronics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59585-6
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