Factors associated with rabies immune status of dogs and anti-rabies vaccination of animal health workers in Kano Metropolis Nigeria
Introduction: Rabies, although a very fatal viral disease, is 100% preventable majorly through vaccination. There is therefore a need to ensure that vaccines induce sufficient antibody titre for protection in vaccinated animals. The purpose of the study was to determine factors that are associate...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
African Field Epidemiology Network
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/article/7/22/full/ |
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| Summary: | Introduction: Rabies, although a very fatal viral disease, is 100% preventable majorly
through vaccination. There is therefore a need to ensure that vaccines induce
sufficient antibody titre for protection in vaccinated animals. The purpose of the
study was to determine factors that are associated with rabies antibody titre in dogs
and the vaccination status of health workers in selected veterinary clinics within the
Kano metropolis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. Using multistage
sampling, we obtained sera from 150 apparently healthy dogs in three veterinary
clinics. Demeditec Rabies IgG Ab (Dog) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
(ELISA) kit was used to detect rabies anti-glycoprotein antibodies. A pretested semistructured questionnaire was administered to 121 animal health workers in the
selected clinics. Proportions, Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) and 95% Confidence
intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Sixty-seven (57.80%) of 116 vaccinated dogs
and 12 (35.30%) of 34 unvaccinated dogs had rabies antibody titre <0.50IU/ml.
Independent factors associated with unprotective rabies antibody titre were the
interval between vaccination and time of sampling (aOR=2.35; 95%CI: 1.6 to 5.39)
and the vaccination status (aOR:5.54; 95%CI: 1.12 - 12.31) of dogs. From the 121
health workers interviewed, 30 (24%) had a complete vaccination history, 20 (17%)
had a history of dog bites and 32 (27%) were veterinary doctors. The vaccination
status of health workers was significantly associated with having a history of dog
bites (aOR: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05 - 0.503) and being a veterinary doctor (aOR: 0.12;
95%CI=0.04 - 0.32). Conclusion: Factors associated with the immune status of dogs
were the interval between vaccination and time of sampling and the vaccination
status of dogs; while determinants of the vaccination status of animal health workers
were the history of dog bites and a cadre of staff. We recommended consistent annual
mass rabies vaccination of dogs and conduct of public awareness on the importance
of anti-rabies vaccination. All cadres of animal health workers should be sensitized
and encouraged to get rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis. |
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| ISSN: | 2664-2824 |