Exploring affordable and effective pandemic containment measures in lower-income countries with a spatial SEIR model: a case study in South Africa

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities of lower-income countries due to limited healthcare infrastructure and socioeconomic constraints, highlighting the need for effective containment measures that minimize socioeconomic costs and prepare for future pandemics alik...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lingyu Fan, Wenzhong Shi, Qing Pei, Anshu Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23686-0
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