School, family, and peer connectedness as protective factors for depression and suicide risk in Spanish adolescents

IntroductionSchool, family, and peer connectedness have been shown to be a protective factor for depression and suicide risk in adolescence. However, no comprehensive models have been formulated to assess the influence of each of these factors together on adolescent depression and suicide. The purpo...

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Main Authors: Yolanda Pastor, Vanesa Pérez-Torres, Ariadna Angulo-Brunet, Juan E. Nebot-Garcia, Elena Gallardo-Nieto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1547759/full
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author Yolanda Pastor
Vanesa Pérez-Torres
Ariadna Angulo-Brunet
Juan E. Nebot-Garcia
Elena Gallardo-Nieto
author_facet Yolanda Pastor
Vanesa Pérez-Torres
Ariadna Angulo-Brunet
Juan E. Nebot-Garcia
Elena Gallardo-Nieto
author_sort Yolanda Pastor
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionSchool, family, and peer connectedness have been shown to be a protective factor for depression and suicide risk in adolescence. However, no comprehensive models have been formulated to assess the influence of each of these factors together on adolescent depression and suicide. The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct and indirect effect—mediated by depressive symptomatology—that different dimensions of social connectedness (family, school, and peers) have on suicide risk.MethodsA battery of tests on depression, suicide risk, and connectedness was administered to a representative sample of 806 Spanish adolescents aged 14 to 17 (M = 16.4, SD = 0.74), by means of an online survey through representative panels.ResultsStructural equation models showed that family connectedness reduces the risk of suicide in adolescence, through both its direct and indirect effects, by virtue of the reduction of depressive symptomatology. The other dimensions of connectedness (peer and school), although negatively related to depression and suicide, were not significant predictors in the models.DiscussionThe practical implications of these results argue for the promotion of family connectedness to prevent adolescent suicide and depression. The lack of prediction regarding peer and school connectedness suggests the influence of possible cultural or contextual factors in Spain, making additional research necessary in this regard.
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spelling doaj-art-7fa774e434184bf49da06578cf0acdd92025-08-20T02:25:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-05-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15477591547759School, family, and peer connectedness as protective factors for depression and suicide risk in Spanish adolescentsYolanda Pastor0Vanesa Pérez-Torres1Ariadna Angulo-Brunet2Juan E. Nebot-Garcia3Elena Gallardo-Nieto4Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, SpainFaculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, SpainDepartment of Pedagogy, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, SpainIntroductionSchool, family, and peer connectedness have been shown to be a protective factor for depression and suicide risk in adolescence. However, no comprehensive models have been formulated to assess the influence of each of these factors together on adolescent depression and suicide. The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct and indirect effect—mediated by depressive symptomatology—that different dimensions of social connectedness (family, school, and peers) have on suicide risk.MethodsA battery of tests on depression, suicide risk, and connectedness was administered to a representative sample of 806 Spanish adolescents aged 14 to 17 (M = 16.4, SD = 0.74), by means of an online survey through representative panels.ResultsStructural equation models showed that family connectedness reduces the risk of suicide in adolescence, through both its direct and indirect effects, by virtue of the reduction of depressive symptomatology. The other dimensions of connectedness (peer and school), although negatively related to depression and suicide, were not significant predictors in the models.DiscussionThe practical implications of these results argue for the promotion of family connectedness to prevent adolescent suicide and depression. The lack of prediction regarding peer and school connectedness suggests the influence of possible cultural or contextual factors in Spain, making additional research necessary in this regard.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1547759/fullfamily connectednessschool connectednesspeer connectednessdepressionsuicideadolescence
spellingShingle Yolanda Pastor
Vanesa Pérez-Torres
Ariadna Angulo-Brunet
Juan E. Nebot-Garcia
Elena Gallardo-Nieto
School, family, and peer connectedness as protective factors for depression and suicide risk in Spanish adolescents
Frontiers in Psychology
family connectedness
school connectedness
peer connectedness
depression
suicide
adolescence
title School, family, and peer connectedness as protective factors for depression and suicide risk in Spanish adolescents
title_full School, family, and peer connectedness as protective factors for depression and suicide risk in Spanish adolescents
title_fullStr School, family, and peer connectedness as protective factors for depression and suicide risk in Spanish adolescents
title_full_unstemmed School, family, and peer connectedness as protective factors for depression and suicide risk in Spanish adolescents
title_short School, family, and peer connectedness as protective factors for depression and suicide risk in Spanish adolescents
title_sort school family and peer connectedness as protective factors for depression and suicide risk in spanish adolescents
topic family connectedness
school connectedness
peer connectedness
depression
suicide
adolescence
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1547759/full
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