Learning of the mean, but not variance, of color distributions cues target location probability

Abstract Humans are good at picking up statistical regularities in the environment. Probability cueing paradigms have demonstrated that the location of a target can be predicted based on spatial regularities. This is assumed to rely on flexible spatial priority maps that are influenced by visual con...

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Main Authors: Philippe Blondé, Sabrina Hansmann-Roth, David Pascucci, Árni Kristjánsson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84750-0
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author Philippe Blondé
Sabrina Hansmann-Roth
David Pascucci
Árni Kristjánsson
author_facet Philippe Blondé
Sabrina Hansmann-Roth
David Pascucci
Árni Kristjánsson
author_sort Philippe Blondé
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Humans are good at picking up statistical regularities in the environment. Probability cueing paradigms have demonstrated that the location of a target can be predicted based on spatial regularities. This is assumed to rely on flexible spatial priority maps that are influenced by visual context. We investigated whether stimulus features such as color distributions differing in mean and variance can cue location regularities. In experiment 1, participants searched for an oddly colored target diamond in a 6 × 6 set. On each trial, the distractors were drawn from one of two color distributions centered on different color averages. Each distribution was associated with different target location probabilities, one distribution where the target had an 80% chance to appear on the left (the rich location), while the rich location would be on the right for the other distribution. Participants were significantly faster at locating the target when it appeared in the rich location for both distributions, demonstrating learning of the relationship between color average and location probability. In experiments 2 and 3, observers performed a similar search task, but the distributions had different variances with the same average color. There was no evidence that search became faster when the target appeared in a rich location, suggesting that contingencies between target probabilities and color variance were not learned. These results demonstrate how statistical location learning is flexible, with different visual contexts leading to different spatial priority maps, but they also reveal important limits to such learning.
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spelling doaj-art-7fa5c97b6eca47fc868d7cf38d73f4e02025-08-20T01:57:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111210.1038/s41598-024-84750-0Learning of the mean, but not variance, of color distributions cues target location probabilityPhilippe Blondé0Sabrina Hansmann-Roth1David Pascucci2Árni Kristjánsson3Icelandic Vision Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of IcelandIcelandic Vision Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of IcelandPsychophysics and Neural Dynamics Lab, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)Icelandic Vision Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of IcelandAbstract Humans are good at picking up statistical regularities in the environment. Probability cueing paradigms have demonstrated that the location of a target can be predicted based on spatial regularities. This is assumed to rely on flexible spatial priority maps that are influenced by visual context. We investigated whether stimulus features such as color distributions differing in mean and variance can cue location regularities. In experiment 1, participants searched for an oddly colored target diamond in a 6 × 6 set. On each trial, the distractors were drawn from one of two color distributions centered on different color averages. Each distribution was associated with different target location probabilities, one distribution where the target had an 80% chance to appear on the left (the rich location), while the rich location would be on the right for the other distribution. Participants were significantly faster at locating the target when it appeared in the rich location for both distributions, demonstrating learning of the relationship between color average and location probability. In experiments 2 and 3, observers performed a similar search task, but the distributions had different variances with the same average color. There was no evidence that search became faster when the target appeared in a rich location, suggesting that contingencies between target probabilities and color variance were not learned. These results demonstrate how statistical location learning is flexible, with different visual contexts leading to different spatial priority maps, but they also reveal important limits to such learning.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84750-0Probability cueingStatistical learningColor distribution
spellingShingle Philippe Blondé
Sabrina Hansmann-Roth
David Pascucci
Árni Kristjánsson
Learning of the mean, but not variance, of color distributions cues target location probability
Scientific Reports
Probability cueing
Statistical learning
Color distribution
title Learning of the mean, but not variance, of color distributions cues target location probability
title_full Learning of the mean, but not variance, of color distributions cues target location probability
title_fullStr Learning of the mean, but not variance, of color distributions cues target location probability
title_full_unstemmed Learning of the mean, but not variance, of color distributions cues target location probability
title_short Learning of the mean, but not variance, of color distributions cues target location probability
title_sort learning of the mean but not variance of color distributions cues target location probability
topic Probability cueing
Statistical learning
Color distribution
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84750-0
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AT arnikristjansson learningofthemeanbutnotvarianceofcolordistributionscuestargetlocationprobability