Epigenetic Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Frail Patients—A Scope Review
Epigenetic biomarkers offer promising potential for early identification and risk stratification of frail individuals susceptible to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This scope review aimed to identify and evaluate epigenetic biomarkers concurrently associated with frailty and increased cardiovascul...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/422 |
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| author | Stanisław Wawrzyniak Julia Cieśla Magdalena Woś Ewa Wołoszyn-Horák Michał M. Masternak Tomasz Kukulski Ewa Stępień Andrzej Tomasik |
| author_facet | Stanisław Wawrzyniak Julia Cieśla Magdalena Woś Ewa Wołoszyn-Horák Michał M. Masternak Tomasz Kukulski Ewa Stępień Andrzej Tomasik |
| author_sort | Stanisław Wawrzyniak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epigenetic biomarkers offer promising potential for early identification and risk stratification of frail individuals susceptible to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This scope review aimed to identify and evaluate epigenetic biomarkers concurrently associated with frailty and increased cardiovascular risk, potentially facilitating more precise patient stratification and treatment decisions. A two-stage literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases from the year 2000 through 27 December 2024. Stage 1 identified studies reporting epigenetic biomarkers associated with frailty in blood-derived human samples. Stage 2 assessed cardiovascular relevance by screening the frailty biomarkers identified in Stage 1 for their documented association with cardiovascular diseases. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessments, resolving disagreements via a third reviewer. The primary outcomes were the association of biomarkers with frailty severity and cardiovascular risk. Key epigenetic biomarkers identified included microRNAs (particularly miR-21, miR-146a, miR-451, and miR-92a) and DNA methylation markers (LINE-1 methylation, epigenetic clocks like GrimAge and DunedinPACE, and possibly novel, emerging clocks like DNAmCVDscore and the Smoking Index). Due to specificity limitations, these biomarkers are most promising when used collectively as part of multimarker panels rather than individually. Future research should validate multimarker panels, explore novel biomarkers, and assess clinical integration to optimize precision medicine in frail cardiovascular populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7fa11ef3c8b64a73be7e8a1746c273ea |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7fa11ef3c8b64a73be7e8a1746c273ea2025-08-20T03:27:10ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452025-06-0147642210.3390/cimb47060422Epigenetic Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Frail Patients—A Scope ReviewStanisław Wawrzyniak0Julia Cieśla1Magdalena Woś2Ewa Wołoszyn-Horák3Michał M. Masternak4Tomasz Kukulski5Ewa Stępień6Andrzej Tomasik7Doctoral School, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, PolandDoctoral School, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, PolandII Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, PolandDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827, USAII Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, PolandDepartment of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, PolandII Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, PolandEpigenetic biomarkers offer promising potential for early identification and risk stratification of frail individuals susceptible to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This scope review aimed to identify and evaluate epigenetic biomarkers concurrently associated with frailty and increased cardiovascular risk, potentially facilitating more precise patient stratification and treatment decisions. A two-stage literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases from the year 2000 through 27 December 2024. Stage 1 identified studies reporting epigenetic biomarkers associated with frailty in blood-derived human samples. Stage 2 assessed cardiovascular relevance by screening the frailty biomarkers identified in Stage 1 for their documented association with cardiovascular diseases. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessments, resolving disagreements via a third reviewer. The primary outcomes were the association of biomarkers with frailty severity and cardiovascular risk. Key epigenetic biomarkers identified included microRNAs (particularly miR-21, miR-146a, miR-451, and miR-92a) and DNA methylation markers (LINE-1 methylation, epigenetic clocks like GrimAge and DunedinPACE, and possibly novel, emerging clocks like DNAmCVDscore and the Smoking Index). Due to specificity limitations, these biomarkers are most promising when used collectively as part of multimarker panels rather than individually. Future research should validate multimarker panels, explore novel biomarkers, and assess clinical integration to optimize precision medicine in frail cardiovascular populations.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/422frailtyepigenetic biomarkersmicroRNAmethylationepigenetic clockcardiovascular disease |
| spellingShingle | Stanisław Wawrzyniak Julia Cieśla Magdalena Woś Ewa Wołoszyn-Horák Michał M. Masternak Tomasz Kukulski Ewa Stępień Andrzej Tomasik Epigenetic Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Frail Patients—A Scope Review Current Issues in Molecular Biology frailty epigenetic biomarkers microRNA methylation epigenetic clock cardiovascular disease |
| title | Epigenetic Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Frail Patients—A Scope Review |
| title_full | Epigenetic Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Frail Patients—A Scope Review |
| title_fullStr | Epigenetic Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Frail Patients—A Scope Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epigenetic Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Frail Patients—A Scope Review |
| title_short | Epigenetic Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Frail Patients—A Scope Review |
| title_sort | epigenetic biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in frail patients a scope review |
| topic | frailty epigenetic biomarkers microRNA methylation epigenetic clock cardiovascular disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/422 |
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