Numerical Simulation of Gas–Liquid Flow Field in PEM Water Electrolyzer

Hydrogen is an excellent clean energy, and hydrogen production by electrolyzing water has become the preferred method. Due to its high electrolysis efficiency and great potential for energy conversion and storage, water electrolysis in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer has attracted cons...

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Main Authors: Yusheng Zhang, Xiaoying Yuan, Sheng Yao, Hairui Yang, Cuiping Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2773
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author Yusheng Zhang
Xiaoying Yuan
Sheng Yao
Hairui Yang
Cuiping Wang
author_facet Yusheng Zhang
Xiaoying Yuan
Sheng Yao
Hairui Yang
Cuiping Wang
author_sort Yusheng Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Hydrogen is an excellent clean energy, and hydrogen production by electrolyzing water has become the preferred method. Due to its high electrolysis efficiency and great potential for energy conversion and storage, water electrolysis in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer has attracted considerable attention. In order to explore the factors affecting the internal resistance of PEM water electrolyzers and optimize them, a three-dimensional steady-state model of PEM water electrolyzers coupled with a porous media physical field was established. First, the flow fields in multi-channel and single-channel electrolyzers were designed and comparably simulated. It was found that both flow field configuration and flow modes affected the mass transfer and current distribution. The multi-channel parallel flow field had the lowest flow pressure drop and uniform flow field, which is beneficial to efficient catalytic electrolysis. Secondly, the simulation results of mass transfer in the PEM cell were highly consistent with the reference experimental data, and the increased reference exchange current density (i<sub>0</sub>) can improve the oxygen/hydrogen production performance of the cell. These findings are helpful in optimizing the design of the PEM water electrolyzer.
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-7f89801d3c4444988df0e48a15fc721c2025-08-20T03:11:31ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-05-011811277310.3390/en18112773Numerical Simulation of Gas–Liquid Flow Field in PEM Water ElectrolyzerYusheng Zhang0Xiaoying Yuan1Sheng Yao2Hairui Yang3Cuiping Wang4Shandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems for High Efficiency and Intelligent Operation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems for High Efficiency and Intelligent Operation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems for High Efficiency and Intelligent Operation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaDepartment of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems for High Efficiency and Intelligent Operation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaHydrogen is an excellent clean energy, and hydrogen production by electrolyzing water has become the preferred method. Due to its high electrolysis efficiency and great potential for energy conversion and storage, water electrolysis in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer has attracted considerable attention. In order to explore the factors affecting the internal resistance of PEM water electrolyzers and optimize them, a three-dimensional steady-state model of PEM water electrolyzers coupled with a porous media physical field was established. First, the flow fields in multi-channel and single-channel electrolyzers were designed and comparably simulated. It was found that both flow field configuration and flow modes affected the mass transfer and current distribution. The multi-channel parallel flow field had the lowest flow pressure drop and uniform flow field, which is beneficial to efficient catalytic electrolysis. Secondly, the simulation results of mass transfer in the PEM cell were highly consistent with the reference experimental data, and the increased reference exchange current density (i<sub>0</sub>) can improve the oxygen/hydrogen production performance of the cell. These findings are helpful in optimizing the design of the PEM water electrolyzer.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2773PEM water electrolysisdynamic modelingmass transferparallel flow channelflow field
spellingShingle Yusheng Zhang
Xiaoying Yuan
Sheng Yao
Hairui Yang
Cuiping Wang
Numerical Simulation of Gas–Liquid Flow Field in PEM Water Electrolyzer
Energies
PEM water electrolysis
dynamic modeling
mass transfer
parallel flow channel
flow field
title Numerical Simulation of Gas–Liquid Flow Field in PEM Water Electrolyzer
title_full Numerical Simulation of Gas–Liquid Flow Field in PEM Water Electrolyzer
title_fullStr Numerical Simulation of Gas–Liquid Flow Field in PEM Water Electrolyzer
title_full_unstemmed Numerical Simulation of Gas–Liquid Flow Field in PEM Water Electrolyzer
title_short Numerical Simulation of Gas–Liquid Flow Field in PEM Water Electrolyzer
title_sort numerical simulation of gas liquid flow field in pem water electrolyzer
topic PEM water electrolysis
dynamic modeling
mass transfer
parallel flow channel
flow field
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2773
work_keys_str_mv AT yushengzhang numericalsimulationofgasliquidflowfieldinpemwaterelectrolyzer
AT xiaoyingyuan numericalsimulationofgasliquidflowfieldinpemwaterelectrolyzer
AT shengyao numericalsimulationofgasliquidflowfieldinpemwaterelectrolyzer
AT hairuiyang numericalsimulationofgasliquidflowfieldinpemwaterelectrolyzer
AT cuipingwang numericalsimulationofgasliquidflowfieldinpemwaterelectrolyzer