The extended mind of public space: how urban design shapes human experience

The current debate on urban design emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach that integrates spatial, cognitive, and experiential perspectives. This paper introduces the concept of “The Extended Mind of Public Space,” following a theoretical framework that explores how public spaces serve as extension...

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Main Authors: Stefania Gruosso, Marcella Del Signore, Andrea Di Cinzio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Built Environment
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1504549/full
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author Stefania Gruosso
Marcella Del Signore
Andrea Di Cinzio
author_facet Stefania Gruosso
Marcella Del Signore
Andrea Di Cinzio
author_sort Stefania Gruosso
collection DOAJ
description The current debate on urban design emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach that integrates spatial, cognitive, and experiential perspectives. This paper introduces the concept of “The Extended Mind of Public Space,” following a theoretical framework that explores how public spaces serve as extensions of human cognition, perception, and emotion. By shaping thoughts, behaviors, and social interactions, public spaces—such as squares, parks, and gathering places—become real laboratories for human experience and wellbeing. This study identifies and examines six design paradigms—ritual-based, body-based, sensory-based, atmospheric-based, performance-based, and intelligent/augmented-based—each addressing a unique interaction between the body, mind, senses, and the built environment. Using qualitative analysis of case studies from the past 20 years, the research highlights the innovative strategies employed in contemporary public spaces to foster urbanity and enhance human experiences. Key findings reveal that these paradigms are not isolated but interdependent, offering a synergistic framework for creating inclusive, human-centered public spaces. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, incorporating insights from architecture, neuroscience, and environmental psychology to design spaces that promote wellbeing, encourage participation, and positively influence behavior. The paper concludes by advocating for a typological upgrade of the existing public space definitions, aligning them with the cognitive city paradigm. This research establishes a methodological foundation for future scientific studies that integrate environmental psychology and neuroscience into urban planning, redefining urban design theories through a human-centered approach.
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spelling doaj-art-7f75d3c8d7df417ea5ec707fecb732472025-08-20T05:32:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Built Environment2297-33622025-08-011110.3389/fbuil.2025.15045491504549The extended mind of public space: how urban design shapes human experienceStefania Gruosso0Marcella Del Signore1Andrea Di Cinzio2Department of Architecture (DdA), University of Study “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, ItalyDepartment of Architecture, New York Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Design, New York, NY, United StatesDepartment of Architecture (DdA), University of Study “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, ItalyThe current debate on urban design emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach that integrates spatial, cognitive, and experiential perspectives. This paper introduces the concept of “The Extended Mind of Public Space,” following a theoretical framework that explores how public spaces serve as extensions of human cognition, perception, and emotion. By shaping thoughts, behaviors, and social interactions, public spaces—such as squares, parks, and gathering places—become real laboratories for human experience and wellbeing. This study identifies and examines six design paradigms—ritual-based, body-based, sensory-based, atmospheric-based, performance-based, and intelligent/augmented-based—each addressing a unique interaction between the body, mind, senses, and the built environment. Using qualitative analysis of case studies from the past 20 years, the research highlights the innovative strategies employed in contemporary public spaces to foster urbanity and enhance human experiences. Key findings reveal that these paradigms are not isolated but interdependent, offering a synergistic framework for creating inclusive, human-centered public spaces. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, incorporating insights from architecture, neuroscience, and environmental psychology to design spaces that promote wellbeing, encourage participation, and positively influence behavior. The paper concludes by advocating for a typological upgrade of the existing public space definitions, aligning them with the cognitive city paradigm. This research establishes a methodological foundation for future scientific studies that integrate environmental psychology and neuroscience into urban planning, redefining urban design theories through a human-centered approach.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1504549/fullpublic spaceextended mindhuman centered approachcognitive citiesurbanity
spellingShingle Stefania Gruosso
Marcella Del Signore
Andrea Di Cinzio
The extended mind of public space: how urban design shapes human experience
Frontiers in Built Environment
public space
extended mind
human centered approach
cognitive cities
urbanity
title The extended mind of public space: how urban design shapes human experience
title_full The extended mind of public space: how urban design shapes human experience
title_fullStr The extended mind of public space: how urban design shapes human experience
title_full_unstemmed The extended mind of public space: how urban design shapes human experience
title_short The extended mind of public space: how urban design shapes human experience
title_sort extended mind of public space how urban design shapes human experience
topic public space
extended mind
human centered approach
cognitive cities
urbanity
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1504549/full
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