Long‐term recovery and food web response of benthic macrofauna following cessation of bottom trawling in a marine protected area

Abstract The understanding of the depletion of species and communities and recovery following the reduction of pressures is fundamental in conservation biology. The impact of bottom trawl fisheries on benthic communities has been well studied, but there are few studies of the long‐term recovery afte...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mattias Sköld, Mats Blomqvist, Clare Bradshaw, Patrik Börjesson, Peter Göransson, Håkan Wennhage
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Conservation Science and Practice
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70037
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850186114427518976
author Mattias Sköld
Mats Blomqvist
Clare Bradshaw
Patrik Börjesson
Peter Göransson
Håkan Wennhage
author_facet Mattias Sköld
Mats Blomqvist
Clare Bradshaw
Patrik Börjesson
Peter Göransson
Håkan Wennhage
author_sort Mattias Sköld
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The understanding of the depletion of species and communities and recovery following the reduction of pressures is fundamental in conservation biology. The impact of bottom trawl fisheries on benthic communities has been well studied, but there are few studies of the long‐term recovery after the cessation of bottom trawling. Here we followed the recovery of the benthic macrofaunal community over 12 years in a large (426 km2) no‐take zone (NTZ) area in the south Kattegat after demersal trawling was stopped and compared it to a nearby area where trawling continued. Using multivariate analyses, we found shifts in the community composition. Two species of burrowing brittle stars, Amphiura filiformis and Amphiura chiajei, dominated abundance and biomass and decreased in the closed area (abundance effect size A. filiformis 48%; A. chiajei 45%). In parallel, there was an increase in benthivore flatfish. Stomach contents of the dominating flatfishes matched the availability of benthic prey taxa, and brittle stars were the staple food. Food web effects thus appear to override the decrease in mortality of the dominant macrofauna caused by the cessation of trawling in the NTZ. The recovery response in the species community in the NTZ correlated with the pattern in community composition along a chronic bottom trawling intensity gradient in the same area. This indicates that the recovery of the benthic community is not random but follows a successional pattern that can also be observed in chronic states of disturbance from bottom trawling. This is important information from the perspective of management efforts to restore marine ecosystems from the impact of bottom trawl fisheries, as it indicates that reduced effort may lead to predictable recovery.
format Article
id doaj-art-7f71d1f2f0fd4ec18c9e613610119097
institution OA Journals
issn 2578-4854
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Conservation Science and Practice
spelling doaj-art-7f71d1f2f0fd4ec18c9e6136101190972025-08-20T02:16:29ZengWileyConservation Science and Practice2578-48542025-04-0174n/an/a10.1111/csp2.70037Long‐term recovery and food web response of benthic macrofauna following cessation of bottom trawling in a marine protected areaMattias Sköld0Mats Blomqvist1Clare Bradshaw2Patrik Börjesson3Peter Göransson4Håkan Wennhage5Department of Aquatic Resources Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Lysekil SwedenHafok AB Stenhamra SwedenDepartment of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm SwedenDepartment of Aquatic Resources Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Lysekil SwedenPAG Environmental Research Råå SwedenDepartment of Aquatic Resources Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Lysekil SwedenAbstract The understanding of the depletion of species and communities and recovery following the reduction of pressures is fundamental in conservation biology. The impact of bottom trawl fisheries on benthic communities has been well studied, but there are few studies of the long‐term recovery after the cessation of bottom trawling. Here we followed the recovery of the benthic macrofaunal community over 12 years in a large (426 km2) no‐take zone (NTZ) area in the south Kattegat after demersal trawling was stopped and compared it to a nearby area where trawling continued. Using multivariate analyses, we found shifts in the community composition. Two species of burrowing brittle stars, Amphiura filiformis and Amphiura chiajei, dominated abundance and biomass and decreased in the closed area (abundance effect size A. filiformis 48%; A. chiajei 45%). In parallel, there was an increase in benthivore flatfish. Stomach contents of the dominating flatfishes matched the availability of benthic prey taxa, and brittle stars were the staple food. Food web effects thus appear to override the decrease in mortality of the dominant macrofauna caused by the cessation of trawling in the NTZ. The recovery response in the species community in the NTZ correlated with the pattern in community composition along a chronic bottom trawling intensity gradient in the same area. This indicates that the recovery of the benthic community is not random but follows a successional pattern that can also be observed in chronic states of disturbance from bottom trawling. This is important information from the perspective of management efforts to restore marine ecosystems from the impact of bottom trawl fisheries, as it indicates that reduced effort may lead to predictable recovery.https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70037benthic habitatsbottom trawlingcodechinodermno‐take zonephysical disturbance
spellingShingle Mattias Sköld
Mats Blomqvist
Clare Bradshaw
Patrik Börjesson
Peter Göransson
Håkan Wennhage
Long‐term recovery and food web response of benthic macrofauna following cessation of bottom trawling in a marine protected area
Conservation Science and Practice
benthic habitats
bottom trawling
cod
echinoderm
no‐take zone
physical disturbance
title Long‐term recovery and food web response of benthic macrofauna following cessation of bottom trawling in a marine protected area
title_full Long‐term recovery and food web response of benthic macrofauna following cessation of bottom trawling in a marine protected area
title_fullStr Long‐term recovery and food web response of benthic macrofauna following cessation of bottom trawling in a marine protected area
title_full_unstemmed Long‐term recovery and food web response of benthic macrofauna following cessation of bottom trawling in a marine protected area
title_short Long‐term recovery and food web response of benthic macrofauna following cessation of bottom trawling in a marine protected area
title_sort long term recovery and food web response of benthic macrofauna following cessation of bottom trawling in a marine protected area
topic benthic habitats
bottom trawling
cod
echinoderm
no‐take zone
physical disturbance
url https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70037
work_keys_str_mv AT mattiasskold longtermrecoveryandfoodwebresponseofbenthicmacrofaunafollowingcessationofbottomtrawlinginamarineprotectedarea
AT matsblomqvist longtermrecoveryandfoodwebresponseofbenthicmacrofaunafollowingcessationofbottomtrawlinginamarineprotectedarea
AT clarebradshaw longtermrecoveryandfoodwebresponseofbenthicmacrofaunafollowingcessationofbottomtrawlinginamarineprotectedarea
AT patrikborjesson longtermrecoveryandfoodwebresponseofbenthicmacrofaunafollowingcessationofbottomtrawlinginamarineprotectedarea
AT petergoransson longtermrecoveryandfoodwebresponseofbenthicmacrofaunafollowingcessationofbottomtrawlinginamarineprotectedarea
AT hakanwennhage longtermrecoveryandfoodwebresponseofbenthicmacrofaunafollowingcessationofbottomtrawlinginamarineprotectedarea