Exploring discharged dry cell as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

Transition metal compounds with a high affinity for oxygen in dry cell configurations, such as MnO _2 , Mn _3 O _4 , and Zn _x Mn _3 O _4−x , exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic properties in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the disposal of these dry cell materials, unlike that of rech...

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Main Authors: Esakki Karthik, Sanjit Mondal, Lipipushpa Sahoo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:Materials Research Express
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad7a56
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author Esakki Karthik
Sanjit Mondal
Lipipushpa Sahoo
author_facet Esakki Karthik
Sanjit Mondal
Lipipushpa Sahoo
author_sort Esakki Karthik
collection DOAJ
description Transition metal compounds with a high affinity for oxygen in dry cell configurations, such as MnO _2 , Mn _3 O _4 , and Zn _x Mn _3 O _4−x , exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic properties in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the disposal of these dry cell materials, unlike that of rechargeable batteries, poses environmental hazards. In this study, we focused on optimizing these manganese oxides for energy-related applications, specifically OER. To achieve this goal, we investigated the electrocatalytic behaviour of both used and fresh dry cells in OER. Our results show that the used dry cell material achieved a current density of 10 mA·cm ^−2 at an overpotential of 525 mV, whereas the fresh dry cell required an overpotential 100 mV higher to reach the same current density. We further characterized the nature of these fresh and used materials using various techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle measurements. The enhanced activity of the used dry cell can be attributed to the formation of highly active Mn _3 O _4 from MnO _2 and graphene oxide under discharging conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-7f71a7510c0c45dcb07eb8471347a7482025-08-20T02:11:58ZengIOP PublishingMaterials Research Express2053-15912024-01-01111010652310.1088/2053-1591/ad7a56Exploring discharged dry cell as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reactionEsakki Karthik0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9290-4562Sanjit Mondal1Lipipushpa Sahoo2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-0252RISE-TCGCREST, Kolkata, 790001, IndiaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, IISER-Mohali, Punjab, 140306, IndiaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, IISER-Mohali, Punjab, 140306, IndiaTransition metal compounds with a high affinity for oxygen in dry cell configurations, such as MnO _2 , Mn _3 O _4 , and Zn _x Mn _3 O _4−x , exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic properties in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the disposal of these dry cell materials, unlike that of rechargeable batteries, poses environmental hazards. In this study, we focused on optimizing these manganese oxides for energy-related applications, specifically OER. To achieve this goal, we investigated the electrocatalytic behaviour of both used and fresh dry cells in OER. Our results show that the used dry cell material achieved a current density of 10 mA·cm ^−2 at an overpotential of 525 mV, whereas the fresh dry cell required an overpotential 100 mV higher to reach the same current density. We further characterized the nature of these fresh and used materials using various techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle measurements. The enhanced activity of the used dry cell can be attributed to the formation of highly active Mn _3 O _4 from MnO _2 and graphene oxide under discharging conditions.https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad7a56dry cellMnO2graphenedischargeammonium chlorideelectrocatalysis
spellingShingle Esakki Karthik
Sanjit Mondal
Lipipushpa Sahoo
Exploring discharged dry cell as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
Materials Research Express
dry cell
MnO2
graphene
discharge
ammonium chloride
electrocatalysis
title Exploring discharged dry cell as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
title_full Exploring discharged dry cell as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
title_fullStr Exploring discharged dry cell as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
title_full_unstemmed Exploring discharged dry cell as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
title_short Exploring discharged dry cell as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
title_sort exploring discharged dry cell as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
topic dry cell
MnO2
graphene
discharge
ammonium chloride
electrocatalysis
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad7a56
work_keys_str_mv AT esakkikarthik exploringdischargeddrycellasanelectrocatalystforoxygenevolutionreaction
AT sanjitmondal exploringdischargeddrycellasanelectrocatalystforoxygenevolutionreaction
AT lipipushpasahoo exploringdischargeddrycellasanelectrocatalystforoxygenevolutionreaction