Multiresidue Methods Analysis to Detect Contamination of Selected Metals in Honey and Pesticides in Honey and Pollen
Honey, a natural food with a rich history, is produced by honeybees and other species of bees from nectar, other plant fluids, and honeydew of sap-sucking insects. During foraging, these bees may be exposed to plant protection products (PPPs), metals, and metalloids, potentially leading to residues...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4099 |
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| author | Mattia Casula Francesco Corrias Alessandro Atzei Massimo Milia Nicola Arru Alberto Satta Ignazio Floris Michelina Pusceddu Alberto Angioni |
| author_facet | Mattia Casula Francesco Corrias Alessandro Atzei Massimo Milia Nicola Arru Alberto Satta Ignazio Floris Michelina Pusceddu Alberto Angioni |
| author_sort | Mattia Casula |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Honey, a natural food with a rich history, is produced by honeybees and other species of bees from nectar, other plant fluids, and honeydew of sap-sucking insects. During foraging, these bees may be exposed to plant protection products (PPPs), metals, and metalloids, potentially leading to residues in honey and hive products that could have a negative impact on human safety. Recognizing the lack of an appropriate methodology for pesticide contamination of honey and other hive products, this research aims to support the need for studies on residues in pollen and bee products for human consumption to establish safe maximum residue levels (MRLs) for consumers. A UHPLC-MS/MS residues method and a modified QuEChERS extraction were applied to simultaneously determine 237 pesticide residues in honey and pollen. The study in North Sardinia analyzed honey and pollen samples from six areas for pesticide residues and verified 27 heavy metals and metalloid residues using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The data obtained showed residues at levels close to the LOQ of the method, cycloate in a few samples of pollen, and dichlorvos, zoxamide, cycloate, and chlorantraniliprole in honey samples. All samples showed the absence of heavy metal contamination. Overall, no risk to human health was identified. The results of this study confirm that honey and pollen may be a good bioindicator of environmental contamination of a wide area surrounding honeybee hives. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7f71224e113a4bdea028fbeb0ac57e8a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-7f71224e113a4bdea028fbeb0ac57e8a2025-08-20T02:53:43ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-12-011324409910.3390/foods13244099Multiresidue Methods Analysis to Detect Contamination of Selected Metals in Honey and Pesticides in Honey and PollenMattia Casula0Francesco Corrias1Alessandro Atzei2Massimo Milia3Nicola Arru4Alberto Satta5Ignazio Floris6Michelina Pusceddu7Alberto Angioni8Food Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, University Campus of Monserrato, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyFood Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, University Campus of Monserrato, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyFood Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, University Campus of Monserrato, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyFood Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, University Campus of Monserrato, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyFood Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, University Campus of Monserrato, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39A, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39A, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39A, 07100 Sassari, ItalyFood Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, University Campus of Monserrato, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyHoney, a natural food with a rich history, is produced by honeybees and other species of bees from nectar, other plant fluids, and honeydew of sap-sucking insects. During foraging, these bees may be exposed to plant protection products (PPPs), metals, and metalloids, potentially leading to residues in honey and hive products that could have a negative impact on human safety. Recognizing the lack of an appropriate methodology for pesticide contamination of honey and other hive products, this research aims to support the need for studies on residues in pollen and bee products for human consumption to establish safe maximum residue levels (MRLs) for consumers. A UHPLC-MS/MS residues method and a modified QuEChERS extraction were applied to simultaneously determine 237 pesticide residues in honey and pollen. The study in North Sardinia analyzed honey and pollen samples from six areas for pesticide residues and verified 27 heavy metals and metalloid residues using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The data obtained showed residues at levels close to the LOQ of the method, cycloate in a few samples of pollen, and dichlorvos, zoxamide, cycloate, and chlorantraniliprole in honey samples. All samples showed the absence of heavy metal contamination. Overall, no risk to human health was identified. The results of this study confirm that honey and pollen may be a good bioindicator of environmental contamination of a wide area surrounding honeybee hives.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4099industrial processinghoneybeeLC-MS/MSpesticide residuesheavy metal and metalloidICP-OES |
| spellingShingle | Mattia Casula Francesco Corrias Alessandro Atzei Massimo Milia Nicola Arru Alberto Satta Ignazio Floris Michelina Pusceddu Alberto Angioni Multiresidue Methods Analysis to Detect Contamination of Selected Metals in Honey and Pesticides in Honey and Pollen Foods industrial processing honeybee LC-MS/MS pesticide residues heavy metal and metalloid ICP-OES |
| title | Multiresidue Methods Analysis to Detect Contamination of Selected Metals in Honey and Pesticides in Honey and Pollen |
| title_full | Multiresidue Methods Analysis to Detect Contamination of Selected Metals in Honey and Pesticides in Honey and Pollen |
| title_fullStr | Multiresidue Methods Analysis to Detect Contamination of Selected Metals in Honey and Pesticides in Honey and Pollen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multiresidue Methods Analysis to Detect Contamination of Selected Metals in Honey and Pesticides in Honey and Pollen |
| title_short | Multiresidue Methods Analysis to Detect Contamination of Selected Metals in Honey and Pesticides in Honey and Pollen |
| title_sort | multiresidue methods analysis to detect contamination of selected metals in honey and pesticides in honey and pollen |
| topic | industrial processing honeybee LC-MS/MS pesticide residues heavy metal and metalloid ICP-OES |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4099 |
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