Trends in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Mortality in the United States, 1999–2022

Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with variable mortality rates among different demographic groups. Despite treatment advancements, disparities in SLE outcomes continue to exist. Methods This study used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐ra...

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Main Authors: Sagar Patel, Joseph Bettag, Nikita Baral, Abubakar Tauseef, Ali Bin Abdul Jabbar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:ACR Open Rheumatology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/acr2.70057
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author Sagar Patel
Joseph Bettag
Nikita Baral
Abubakar Tauseef
Ali Bin Abdul Jabbar
author_facet Sagar Patel
Joseph Bettag
Nikita Baral
Abubakar Tauseef
Ali Bin Abdul Jabbar
author_sort Sagar Patel
collection DOAJ
description Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with variable mortality rates among different demographic groups. Despite treatment advancements, disparities in SLE outcomes continue to exist. Methods This study used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database data from 1999 to 2022 to examine SLE‐related mortality trends. Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated, and Joinpoint regression was employed to evaluate annual percentage changes (APCs) over time for mortality stratified by gender, race, census regions, age groups, and states. Results A total of 52,430 SLE‐related deaths occurred over the study period. The AAMR decreased from 1 per 100,000 in 1999 to 0.78 per 100,000 in 2022. The AAMR of SLE‐related deaths decreased by 21% from 1 in 1999 to 0.79 in 2019 (average APC −1.23, 95% confidence interval −1.48 to −0.96). It increased by 21.52% from 0.79 in 2019 to 0.96 in 2021. From 1999 to 2019, men decreased by 33.33% compared to 21.02% in women, whereas women saw a more considerable increase from 2019 to 2021. Non‐Hispanic Asians or Pacific Islander patients saw the most decrease (−43.37%), followed by Hispanic patients (−40.60%), non‐Hispanic African American patients (−25.83%), and non‐Hispanic White patients (−21.43%). Hispanic patients saw the most significant increase from 2019 to 2021, whereas non‐Hispanic African American patients had the highest AAMR among all racial and ethnic subgroups from 1999 to 2022. The South had the highest AAMR throughout the study period among census regions. Conclusion Persistent disparities have been observed in SLE‐related mortality rates from 1999 to 2022, with female sex, non‐Hispanic African American race, and southern region being disproportionately impacted by worse mortality outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-7f4fe5e5cf024ecc8da0a25beed789c02025-08-20T03:55:49ZengWileyACR Open Rheumatology2578-57452025-06-0176n/an/a10.1002/acr2.70057Trends in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Mortality in the United States, 1999–2022Sagar Patel0Joseph Bettag1Nikita Baral2Abubakar Tauseef3Ali Bin Abdul Jabbar4Creighton University School of Medicine Phoenix ArizonaCreighton University School of Medicine Omaha NebraskaCreighton University School of Medicine Omaha NebraskaCreighton University School of Medicine Omaha NebraskaCreighton University School of Medicine Omaha NebraskaObjective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with variable mortality rates among different demographic groups. Despite treatment advancements, disparities in SLE outcomes continue to exist. Methods This study used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database data from 1999 to 2022 to examine SLE‐related mortality trends. Age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated, and Joinpoint regression was employed to evaluate annual percentage changes (APCs) over time for mortality stratified by gender, race, census regions, age groups, and states. Results A total of 52,430 SLE‐related deaths occurred over the study period. The AAMR decreased from 1 per 100,000 in 1999 to 0.78 per 100,000 in 2022. The AAMR of SLE‐related deaths decreased by 21% from 1 in 1999 to 0.79 in 2019 (average APC −1.23, 95% confidence interval −1.48 to −0.96). It increased by 21.52% from 0.79 in 2019 to 0.96 in 2021. From 1999 to 2019, men decreased by 33.33% compared to 21.02% in women, whereas women saw a more considerable increase from 2019 to 2021. Non‐Hispanic Asians or Pacific Islander patients saw the most decrease (−43.37%), followed by Hispanic patients (−40.60%), non‐Hispanic African American patients (−25.83%), and non‐Hispanic White patients (−21.43%). Hispanic patients saw the most significant increase from 2019 to 2021, whereas non‐Hispanic African American patients had the highest AAMR among all racial and ethnic subgroups from 1999 to 2022. The South had the highest AAMR throughout the study period among census regions. Conclusion Persistent disparities have been observed in SLE‐related mortality rates from 1999 to 2022, with female sex, non‐Hispanic African American race, and southern region being disproportionately impacted by worse mortality outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1002/acr2.70057
spellingShingle Sagar Patel
Joseph Bettag
Nikita Baral
Abubakar Tauseef
Ali Bin Abdul Jabbar
Trends in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Mortality in the United States, 1999–2022
ACR Open Rheumatology
title Trends in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Mortality in the United States, 1999–2022
title_full Trends in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Mortality in the United States, 1999–2022
title_fullStr Trends in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Mortality in the United States, 1999–2022
title_full_unstemmed Trends in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Mortality in the United States, 1999–2022
title_short Trends in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Mortality in the United States, 1999–2022
title_sort trends in systemic lupus erythematous mortality in the united states 1999 2022
url https://doi.org/10.1002/acr2.70057
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