Phylogeny and taxonomy of the polyploid species that contain St genome (Triticeae; Poaceae) based on four nuclear DNA and three chloroplast genes

Abstract Background The genus Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á.Löve contributes the St genome for more than 60% of perennial Triticeae species. However, the strong dominant character of the St genome makes it challenging to distinguish each species and/or even genus based on single or combined morphologic...

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Main Authors: Xiaoyang Pan, Tingting Zheng, Yuxin Zhao, Junhao Bao, Xing Fan, Lina Sha, Yinghui Li, Wei Zhu, Lili Xu, Yi Wang, Yiran Cheng, Haiqin Zhang, Houyang Kang, Yonghong Zhou, Dandan Wu
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06179-5
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author Xiaoyang Pan
Tingting Zheng
Yuxin Zhao
Junhao Bao
Xing Fan
Lina Sha
Yinghui Li
Wei Zhu
Lili Xu
Yi Wang
Yiran Cheng
Haiqin Zhang
Houyang Kang
Yonghong Zhou
Dandan Wu
author_facet Xiaoyang Pan
Tingting Zheng
Yuxin Zhao
Junhao Bao
Xing Fan
Lina Sha
Yinghui Li
Wei Zhu
Lili Xu
Yi Wang
Yiran Cheng
Haiqin Zhang
Houyang Kang
Yonghong Zhou
Dandan Wu
author_sort Xiaoyang Pan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The genus Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á.Löve contributes the St genome for more than 60% of perennial Triticeae species. However, the strong dominant character of the St genome makes it challenging to distinguish each species and/or even genus based on single or combined morphological traits. Moreover, the phylogeny and taxonomy of the St-genome containing polyploid genera remain controversial. Results In this study, we used nuclear and chloroplast DNA-based phylogenetic analyses to reveal the systematic relationships between the St-genome containing polyploid species. The maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) and three single-copy nuclear genes data (Acc1 + Pgk1 + DMC1) showed that polyploid species with the St genome were separated into seven genera with StStHH, StStYY, StStYYHH, StStYYPP, StStYYWW, StStPP, and StStEE genome constitutions, moreover, the polyploid species in Caucasus, America, and Australia have independent polyploidization events. The ML tree for the chloroplast DNA fragments (matK + rbcL + trnL-trnF) displayed that the P genome served as a maternal donor of Kengyilia melanthera and K. dingqinensis from the Hengduan Mountains region, while the St or StY genome served as the maternal donor of other St-genome containing species. Herein, we reported the genomic constitution of Kengyilia tibetica, K. changduensis, and K. dingqinensis with the StStYYPP genome for the first time. Conclusions The St-genome-containing polyploid species should be treated as distinct genera according to different genome constitutions, and those species experienced independent allo-polyploidization events in different distribution regions and had two relatively independent maternal origins from the P or St/StY genomes. Besides, the Xp genome might have contributed to the unknown Y genome formation.
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spelling doaj-art-7f4e1085bee2485c8edcffb1a361d36f2025-08-20T02:13:06ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-02-0125111210.1186/s12870-025-06179-5Phylogeny and taxonomy of the polyploid species that contain St genome (Triticeae; Poaceae) based on four nuclear DNA and three chloroplast genesXiaoyang Pan0Tingting Zheng1Yuxin Zhao2Junhao Bao3Xing Fan4Lina Sha5Yinghui Li6Wei Zhu7Lili Xu8Yi Wang9Yiran Cheng10Haiqin Zhang11Houyang Kang12Yonghong Zhou13Dandan Wu14State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityCollege of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityCollege of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityState Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background The genus Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á.Löve contributes the St genome for more than 60% of perennial Triticeae species. However, the strong dominant character of the St genome makes it challenging to distinguish each species and/or even genus based on single or combined morphological traits. Moreover, the phylogeny and taxonomy of the St-genome containing polyploid genera remain controversial. Results In this study, we used nuclear and chloroplast DNA-based phylogenetic analyses to reveal the systematic relationships between the St-genome containing polyploid species. The maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) and three single-copy nuclear genes data (Acc1 + Pgk1 + DMC1) showed that polyploid species with the St genome were separated into seven genera with StStHH, StStYY, StStYYHH, StStYYPP, StStYYWW, StStPP, and StStEE genome constitutions, moreover, the polyploid species in Caucasus, America, and Australia have independent polyploidization events. The ML tree for the chloroplast DNA fragments (matK + rbcL + trnL-trnF) displayed that the P genome served as a maternal donor of Kengyilia melanthera and K. dingqinensis from the Hengduan Mountains region, while the St or StY genome served as the maternal donor of other St-genome containing species. Herein, we reported the genomic constitution of Kengyilia tibetica, K. changduensis, and K. dingqinensis with the StStYYPP genome for the first time. Conclusions The St-genome-containing polyploid species should be treated as distinct genera according to different genome constitutions, and those species experienced independent allo-polyploidization events in different distribution regions and had two relatively independent maternal origins from the P or St/StY genomes. Besides, the Xp genome might have contributed to the unknown Y genome formation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06179-5St genomePolyploidSingle–copy nuclear genesnrITSChloroplast genePhylogeny
spellingShingle Xiaoyang Pan
Tingting Zheng
Yuxin Zhao
Junhao Bao
Xing Fan
Lina Sha
Yinghui Li
Wei Zhu
Lili Xu
Yi Wang
Yiran Cheng
Haiqin Zhang
Houyang Kang
Yonghong Zhou
Dandan Wu
Phylogeny and taxonomy of the polyploid species that contain St genome (Triticeae; Poaceae) based on four nuclear DNA and three chloroplast genes
BMC Plant Biology
St genome
Polyploid
Single–copy nuclear genes
nrITS
Chloroplast gene
Phylogeny
title Phylogeny and taxonomy of the polyploid species that contain St genome (Triticeae; Poaceae) based on four nuclear DNA and three chloroplast genes
title_full Phylogeny and taxonomy of the polyploid species that contain St genome (Triticeae; Poaceae) based on four nuclear DNA and three chloroplast genes
title_fullStr Phylogeny and taxonomy of the polyploid species that contain St genome (Triticeae; Poaceae) based on four nuclear DNA and three chloroplast genes
title_full_unstemmed Phylogeny and taxonomy of the polyploid species that contain St genome (Triticeae; Poaceae) based on four nuclear DNA and three chloroplast genes
title_short Phylogeny and taxonomy of the polyploid species that contain St genome (Triticeae; Poaceae) based on four nuclear DNA and three chloroplast genes
title_sort phylogeny and taxonomy of the polyploid species that contain st genome triticeae poaceae based on four nuclear dna and three chloroplast genes
topic St genome
Polyploid
Single–copy nuclear genes
nrITS
Chloroplast gene
Phylogeny
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06179-5
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