Incidental vs. symptomatic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma: implications of earlier detection

Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage when the patient presents with a palpable lymph node or symptoms such as pain and fatigue. However, due to advances in imaging techniques used for many diseases and cancer screening, incidental diagnosis of FL is expected to...

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Main Authors: Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes, Matthew J. Rees, Raphael Mwangi, Robyn L. Kuchler, Ahmed Alnughmush, Grzegorz S. Nowakowski, Thomas M. Habermann, Yucai Wang, Jose C. Villasboas Bisneto, Andrew L. Feldman, Matthew J. Maurer, James R. Cerhan, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:Blood Cancer Journal
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01322-9
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author Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
Matthew J. Rees
Raphael Mwangi
Robyn L. Kuchler
Ahmed Alnughmush
Grzegorz S. Nowakowski
Thomas M. Habermann
Yucai Wang
Jose C. Villasboas Bisneto
Andrew L. Feldman
Matthew J. Maurer
James R. Cerhan
Stephen M. Ansell
Thomas E. Witzig
author_facet Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
Matthew J. Rees
Raphael Mwangi
Robyn L. Kuchler
Ahmed Alnughmush
Grzegorz S. Nowakowski
Thomas M. Habermann
Yucai Wang
Jose C. Villasboas Bisneto
Andrew L. Feldman
Matthew J. Maurer
James R. Cerhan
Stephen M. Ansell
Thomas E. Witzig
author_sort Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage when the patient presents with a palpable lymph node or symptoms such as pain and fatigue. However, due to advances in imaging techniques used for many diseases and cancer screening, incidental diagnosis of FL is expected to rise. In this study, we investigated FL disease characteristics and outcomes in patients diagnosed incidentally versus symptomatically, providing insights into what might be detected with multi-cancer early detection tests (MCEDs). We conducted a review of 908 patients with newly diagnosed FL enrolled in the Mayo Clinic component of the Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) from 2002 to 2015. We compared disease characteristics and outcomes between the incidental and symptomatic groups. Of the 908 patients, 259 (28.5%) were diagnosed incidentally. The incidental group was more likely to present with early-stage disease (stage I/II: 43.2% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.0003), normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (87.2% vs. 80.8%, p = 0.03), and trended towards having lower FLIPI scores (49.8% vs. 42.2%, p = 0.1). However, there were no significant differences in event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) or lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) between the two groups. In conclusion, incidental detection of FL is associated with earlier stages and more favorable disease characteristics. However, this did not translate into improved survival outcomes. Whether even earlier detection of FL using emerging MCEDs translates into improved outcomes remains an open question requiring further investigation.
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spelling doaj-art-7f3b1a12835541758ddf3547dd6767d12025-08-20T03:45:19ZengNature Publishing GroupBlood Cancer Journal2044-53852025-07-011511610.1038/s41408-025-01322-9Incidental vs. symptomatic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma: implications of earlier detectionSuheil Albert Atallah-Yunes0Matthew J. Rees1Raphael Mwangi2Robyn L. Kuchler3Ahmed Alnughmush4Grzegorz S. Nowakowski5Thomas M. Habermann6Yucai Wang7Jose C. Villasboas Bisneto8Andrew L. Feldman9Matthew J. Maurer10James R. Cerhan11Stephen M. Ansell12Thomas E. Witzig13Division of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo ClinicAlix School of Medicine, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicDivision of Hematology, Mayo ClinicAbstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage when the patient presents with a palpable lymph node or symptoms such as pain and fatigue. However, due to advances in imaging techniques used for many diseases and cancer screening, incidental diagnosis of FL is expected to rise. In this study, we investigated FL disease characteristics and outcomes in patients diagnosed incidentally versus symptomatically, providing insights into what might be detected with multi-cancer early detection tests (MCEDs). We conducted a review of 908 patients with newly diagnosed FL enrolled in the Mayo Clinic component of the Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) from 2002 to 2015. We compared disease characteristics and outcomes between the incidental and symptomatic groups. Of the 908 patients, 259 (28.5%) were diagnosed incidentally. The incidental group was more likely to present with early-stage disease (stage I/II: 43.2% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.0003), normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (87.2% vs. 80.8%, p = 0.03), and trended towards having lower FLIPI scores (49.8% vs. 42.2%, p = 0.1). However, there were no significant differences in event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) or lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) between the two groups. In conclusion, incidental detection of FL is associated with earlier stages and more favorable disease characteristics. However, this did not translate into improved survival outcomes. Whether even earlier detection of FL using emerging MCEDs translates into improved outcomes remains an open question requiring further investigation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01322-9
spellingShingle Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
Matthew J. Rees
Raphael Mwangi
Robyn L. Kuchler
Ahmed Alnughmush
Grzegorz S. Nowakowski
Thomas M. Habermann
Yucai Wang
Jose C. Villasboas Bisneto
Andrew L. Feldman
Matthew J. Maurer
James R. Cerhan
Stephen M. Ansell
Thomas E. Witzig
Incidental vs. symptomatic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma: implications of earlier detection
Blood Cancer Journal
title Incidental vs. symptomatic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma: implications of earlier detection
title_full Incidental vs. symptomatic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma: implications of earlier detection
title_fullStr Incidental vs. symptomatic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma: implications of earlier detection
title_full_unstemmed Incidental vs. symptomatic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma: implications of earlier detection
title_short Incidental vs. symptomatic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma: implications of earlier detection
title_sort incidental vs symptomatic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma implications of earlier detection
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-025-01322-9
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