Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review

Growing evidence highlights the crucial role of defense mechanisms in the context of chronic diseases. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of these implicit emotion regulation strategies on the adaptation processes related to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This narrative review aimed...

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Main Authors: Orlando Silvestro, Carmelo M. Vicario, Ludovico Costa, Giorgio Sparacino, Trine Lund-Jacobsen, Chiara A. M. Spatola, Emanuele M. Merlo, Anna Viola, Concetto M. Giorgianni, Antonino Catalano, Walter Fries, Gianluca Lo Coco, Gabriella Martino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PAGEPress Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Research in Psychotherapy
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Online Access:https://www.researchinpsychotherapy.org/rpsy/article/view/854
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author Orlando Silvestro
Carmelo M. Vicario
Ludovico Costa
Giorgio Sparacino
Trine Lund-Jacobsen
Chiara A. M. Spatola
Emanuele M. Merlo
Anna Viola
Concetto M. Giorgianni
Antonino Catalano
Walter Fries
Gianluca Lo Coco
Gabriella Martino
author_facet Orlando Silvestro
Carmelo M. Vicario
Ludovico Costa
Giorgio Sparacino
Trine Lund-Jacobsen
Chiara A. M. Spatola
Emanuele M. Merlo
Anna Viola
Concetto M. Giorgianni
Antonino Catalano
Walter Fries
Gianluca Lo Coco
Gabriella Martino
author_sort Orlando Silvestro
collection DOAJ
description Growing evidence highlights the crucial role of defense mechanisms in the context of chronic diseases. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of these implicit emotion regulation strategies on the adaptation processes related to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This narrative review aimed to explore the role of defense mechanisms in patients with IBD and clarify their association with related psychological and physical symptoms. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and PsycINFO databases to select studies considering defense mechanisms in patients with IBD. Inclusion criteria were English language articles, diagnosis of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, and use of validated assessment instruments specifically related to defense mechanisms. Six studies, including a total of 664 patients, were deemed eligible. Immature defense mechanisms were commonly detected in IBD patients, with significant effects on psychological and physical health. Significant associations were found between defense mechanisms, perceived health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), and psychological distress. Findings suggested that immature defense mechanisms may negatively impact the management of disease, leading to lower perceived HR-QoL, decreased treatment adherence, and increased risk of psychopathological symptoms. Considering these findings, we suggest that an integrated clinical evaluation, including an in-depth investigation of defense mechanisms, may promote more effective psychological treatments and improve psychological well-being in patients suffering from IBD.
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spelling doaj-art-7f2e53ea2af44c80b2177ef2269fa03d2025-08-20T01:51:41ZengPAGEPress PublicationsResearch in Psychotherapy2499-75522239-80312025-04-0110.4081/ripppo.2025.854Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative reviewOrlando Silvestro0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0966-5642Carmelo M. Vicario1Ludovico Costa2https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4443-319XGiorgio Sparacino3Trine Lund-Jacobsen4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-5929Chiara A. M. Spatola5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-9566Emanuele M. Merlo6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-9186Anna Viola7Concetto M. Giorgianni8Antonino Catalano9Walter Fries10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6159-7478Gianluca Lo Coco11Gabriella Martino12Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of CatanzaroDepartment of Cognitive Science, Psychology, Education and Cultural Studies, University of MessinaCourse Degree in Clinical and Health Psychology in the Life Cycle, University of MessinaCourse Degree in Medicine and Surgery, University of MessinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, CopenhagenDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of MessinaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of MessinaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaDepartment of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of PalermoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Growing evidence highlights the crucial role of defense mechanisms in the context of chronic diseases. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of these implicit emotion regulation strategies on the adaptation processes related to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This narrative review aimed to explore the role of defense mechanisms in patients with IBD and clarify their association with related psychological and physical symptoms. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and PsycINFO databases to select studies considering defense mechanisms in patients with IBD. Inclusion criteria were English language articles, diagnosis of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, and use of validated assessment instruments specifically related to defense mechanisms. Six studies, including a total of 664 patients, were deemed eligible. Immature defense mechanisms were commonly detected in IBD patients, with significant effects on psychological and physical health. Significant associations were found between defense mechanisms, perceived health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), and psychological distress. Findings suggested that immature defense mechanisms may negatively impact the management of disease, leading to lower perceived HR-QoL, decreased treatment adherence, and increased risk of psychopathological symptoms. Considering these findings, we suggest that an integrated clinical evaluation, including an in-depth investigation of defense mechanisms, may promote more effective psychological treatments and improve psychological well-being in patients suffering from IBD. https://www.researchinpsychotherapy.org/rpsy/article/view/854Inflammatory bowel diseasesquality of lifeclinical psychologyimplicit emotional regulationdefense mechanisms
spellingShingle Orlando Silvestro
Carmelo M. Vicario
Ludovico Costa
Giorgio Sparacino
Trine Lund-Jacobsen
Chiara A. M. Spatola
Emanuele M. Merlo
Anna Viola
Concetto M. Giorgianni
Antonino Catalano
Walter Fries
Gianluca Lo Coco
Gabriella Martino
Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review
Research in Psychotherapy
Inflammatory bowel diseases
quality of life
clinical psychology
implicit emotional regulation
defense mechanisms
title Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review
title_full Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review
title_fullStr Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review
title_full_unstemmed Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review
title_short Defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review
title_sort defense mechanisms and inflammatory bowel diseases a narrative review
topic Inflammatory bowel diseases
quality of life
clinical psychology
implicit emotional regulation
defense mechanisms
url https://www.researchinpsychotherapy.org/rpsy/article/view/854
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