Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and sensing devices are considered to be core components of the Internet of Things (IoT). The performance modeling of IoT–WSN is of key importance to better understand, deploy, and manage this technology. As sensor nodes are battery-constrained, a fundamental issue in...
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MDPI AG
2024-08-01
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| author | Canek Portillo Jorge Martinez-Bauset Vicent Pla Vicente Casares-Giner |
| author_facet | Canek Portillo Jorge Martinez-Bauset Vicent Pla Vicente Casares-Giner |
| author_sort | Canek Portillo |
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| description | Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and sensing devices are considered to be core components of the Internet of Things (IoT). The performance modeling of IoT–WSN is of key importance to better understand, deploy, and manage this technology. As sensor nodes are battery-constrained, a fundamental issue in WSN is energy consumption. Additional issues also arise in heterogeneous scenarios due to the coexistence of sensor nodes with different features. In these scenarios, the modeling process becomes more challenging as an efficient orchestration of the sensor nodes must be achieved to guarantee a successful operation in terms of medium access, synchronization, and energy conservation. We propose a novel methodology to determine the energy consumed by sensor nodes deploying a recently proposed synchronous duty-cycled MAC protocol named Priority Sink Access MAC (PSA-MAC). We model the operation of a WSN with two classes of sensor devices by a pair of two-dimensional Discrete-Time Markov Chains (2D-DTMC), determine their stationary probability distribution, and propose new expressions to compute the energy consumption based solely on the obtained stationary probability distribution. This new approach is more systematic and accurate than previously proposed ones. The new methodology to determine energy consumption takes into account different specific features of the PSA-MAC protocol as: (i) the synchronization among sensor nodes; (ii) the <i>normal</i> and <i>awake</i> operation cycles to ensure synchronization among sensor nodes and energy conservation; (iii) the two periods that compose a full operation cycle: the <i>data</i> and <i>sleep</i> periods; (iv) two transmission schemes, SPT (single packet transmission) and APT (aggregated packet transmission) (v) the support of multiple sensor node classes; and (vi) the support of different priority assignments per class of sensor nodes. The accuracy of the proposed methodology has been validated by an independent discrete-event-based simulation model, showing that very precise results are obtained. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7f205aa4e18c4ebd8cab409a0bc97312 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-4001 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Telecom |
| spelling | doaj-art-7f205aa4e18c4ebd8cab409a0bc973122025-08-20T01:55:52ZengMDPI AGTelecom2673-40012024-08-015372374610.3390/telecom5030036Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles ConsiderationsCanek Portillo0Jorge Martinez-Bauset1Vicent Pla2Vicente Casares-Giner3Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Culiacán 80013, MexicoDepartament of Communications, Universitat Politècnica de València (Technical University of Valencia), Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, SpainDepartament of Communications, Universitat Politècnica de València (Technical University of Valencia), Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, SpainDepartament of Communications, Universitat Politècnica de València (Technical University of Valencia), Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, SpainWireless sensor networks (WSNs) and sensing devices are considered to be core components of the Internet of Things (IoT). The performance modeling of IoT–WSN is of key importance to better understand, deploy, and manage this technology. As sensor nodes are battery-constrained, a fundamental issue in WSN is energy consumption. Additional issues also arise in heterogeneous scenarios due to the coexistence of sensor nodes with different features. In these scenarios, the modeling process becomes more challenging as an efficient orchestration of the sensor nodes must be achieved to guarantee a successful operation in terms of medium access, synchronization, and energy conservation. We propose a novel methodology to determine the energy consumed by sensor nodes deploying a recently proposed synchronous duty-cycled MAC protocol named Priority Sink Access MAC (PSA-MAC). We model the operation of a WSN with two classes of sensor devices by a pair of two-dimensional Discrete-Time Markov Chains (2D-DTMC), determine their stationary probability distribution, and propose new expressions to compute the energy consumption based solely on the obtained stationary probability distribution. This new approach is more systematic and accurate than previously proposed ones. The new methodology to determine energy consumption takes into account different specific features of the PSA-MAC protocol as: (i) the synchronization among sensor nodes; (ii) the <i>normal</i> and <i>awake</i> operation cycles to ensure synchronization among sensor nodes and energy conservation; (iii) the two periods that compose a full operation cycle: the <i>data</i> and <i>sleep</i> periods; (iv) two transmission schemes, SPT (single packet transmission) and APT (aggregated packet transmission) (v) the support of multiple sensor node classes; and (vi) the support of different priority assignments per class of sensor nodes. The accuracy of the proposed methodology has been validated by an independent discrete-event-based simulation model, showing that very precise results are obtained.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/5/3/36internet of thingswireless sensor networkWSN MAC protocolsenergy consumption modeling |
| spellingShingle | Canek Portillo Jorge Martinez-Bauset Vicent Pla Vicente Casares-Giner Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations Telecom internet of things wireless sensor network WSN MAC protocols energy consumption modeling |
| title | Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations |
| title_full | Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations |
| title_fullStr | Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations |
| title_short | Energy Consumption Modeling for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Wireless Sensor Network Devices: Entire Modes and Operation Cycles Considerations |
| title_sort | energy consumption modeling for heterogeneous internet of things wireless sensor network devices entire modes and operation cycles considerations |
| topic | internet of things wireless sensor network WSN MAC protocols energy consumption modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/5/3/36 |
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