Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> COVID-19 is an infectious disease whose prevention is significantly aided by vaccination, which reduces both case severity and mortality. Despite the safety and efficacy of vaccines, acceptance is not universal, and understanding of the factors influencing v...

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Main Authors: Juliana Soares Tenório De Araújo, Felipe Mendes Delpino, Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade-Gonçalves, Francisca Bruna Arruda Aragão, Letícia Perticarrara Ferezin, Denise Alves Santos, Neemais Costa Duarte Neto, Murilo César do Nascimento, Simão Pedro Tavares Moreira, Gabriela Ferreira Ribeiro, Rayssa Francielly dos Santos Alves, Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Vaccines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1352
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author Juliana Soares Tenório De Araújo
Felipe Mendes Delpino
Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade-Gonçalves
Francisca Bruna Arruda Aragão
Letícia Perticarrara Ferezin
Denise Alves Santos
Neemais Costa Duarte Neto
Murilo César do Nascimento
Simão Pedro Tavares Moreira
Gabriela Ferreira Ribeiro
Rayssa Francielly dos Santos Alves
Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
author_facet Juliana Soares Tenório De Araújo
Felipe Mendes Delpino
Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade-Gonçalves
Francisca Bruna Arruda Aragão
Letícia Perticarrara Ferezin
Denise Alves Santos
Neemais Costa Duarte Neto
Murilo César do Nascimento
Simão Pedro Tavares Moreira
Gabriela Ferreira Ribeiro
Rayssa Francielly dos Santos Alves
Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
author_sort Juliana Soares Tenório De Araújo
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> COVID-19 is an infectious disease whose prevention is significantly aided by vaccination, which reduces both case severity and mortality. Despite the safety and efficacy of vaccines, acceptance is not universal, and understanding of the factors influencing vaccination decisions and hesitancy remains limited. This review aims to identify and analyze studies addressing two key questions: what influences the decision to vaccinate and what factors are associated with vaccine hesitancy. <b>Methods:</b> This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Data collection utilized descriptors related to vaccine adherence and hesitancy, based on the PEO strategy of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Searches were conducted in Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, and Web of Science, focusing on publications from 2021, the year the first COVID-19 vaccine was approved. After excluding duplicates and selecting articles based on eligibility criteria, the analysis involved data extraction and methodological quality assessment using JBI tools. <b>Results:</b> A total of 5268 publications were identified, with 30 included in this study. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy included low education levels, social media influence, confidence in vaccine safety, and fear of side effects. In contrast, factors linked to vaccine acceptance included higher education, higher income, older age, and existing comorbidities. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted health communication and education strategies, particularly for vulnerable groups. Public health policies should incorporate these factors to enhance vaccination adherence and build public confidence in vaccine safety, which is essential for mitigating future health emergencies.
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spelling doaj-art-7f1dc02e168a4ba0a50fa17293818a3f2025-08-20T02:50:43ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-11-011212135210.3390/vaccines12121352Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic ReviewJuliana Soares Tenório De Araújo0Felipe Mendes Delpino1Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade-Gonçalves2Francisca Bruna Arruda Aragão3Letícia Perticarrara Ferezin4Denise Alves Santos5Neemais Costa Duarte Neto6Murilo César do Nascimento7Simão Pedro Tavares Moreira8Gabriela Ferreira Ribeiro9Rayssa Francielly dos Santos Alves10Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio11Campus São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, BrazilCampus Pelotas, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, BrazilRibeirão Preto College of Nursing, Campus Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, BrazilCampus São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, BrazilRibeirão Preto College of Nursing, Campus Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, BrazilCampus São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, SP, BrazilCampus São Luís, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65020-070, MA, BrazilNursing School, Campus Sede, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, BrazilCampus Maceió, State University of Health Sciences of Alagoas, Maceió 57010-300, AL, BrazilCampus Maceió, State University of Health Sciences of Alagoas, Maceió 57010-300, AL, BrazilCampus Maceió, State University of Health Sciences of Alagoas, Maceió 57010-300, AL, BrazilRibeirão Preto College of Nursing, Campus Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil<b>Background/Objectives:</b> COVID-19 is an infectious disease whose prevention is significantly aided by vaccination, which reduces both case severity and mortality. Despite the safety and efficacy of vaccines, acceptance is not universal, and understanding of the factors influencing vaccination decisions and hesitancy remains limited. This review aims to identify and analyze studies addressing two key questions: what influences the decision to vaccinate and what factors are associated with vaccine hesitancy. <b>Methods:</b> This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Data collection utilized descriptors related to vaccine adherence and hesitancy, based on the PEO strategy of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Searches were conducted in Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, and Web of Science, focusing on publications from 2021, the year the first COVID-19 vaccine was approved. After excluding duplicates and selecting articles based on eligibility criteria, the analysis involved data extraction and methodological quality assessment using JBI tools. <b>Results:</b> A total of 5268 publications were identified, with 30 included in this study. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy included low education levels, social media influence, confidence in vaccine safety, and fear of side effects. In contrast, factors linked to vaccine acceptance included higher education, higher income, older age, and existing comorbidities. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted health communication and education strategies, particularly for vulnerable groups. Public health policies should incorporate these factors to enhance vaccination adherence and build public confidence in vaccine safety, which is essential for mitigating future health emergencies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1352vaccinationvaccine acceptancevaccine hesitancyCOVID-19
spellingShingle Juliana Soares Tenório De Araújo
Felipe Mendes Delpino
Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade-Gonçalves
Francisca Bruna Arruda Aragão
Letícia Perticarrara Ferezin
Denise Alves Santos
Neemais Costa Duarte Neto
Murilo César do Nascimento
Simão Pedro Tavares Moreira
Gabriela Ferreira Ribeiro
Rayssa Francielly dos Santos Alves
Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review
Vaccines
vaccination
vaccine acceptance
vaccine hesitancy
COVID-19
title Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review
title_full Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review
title_short Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review
title_sort determinants of covid 19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy a systematic review
topic vaccination
vaccine acceptance
vaccine hesitancy
COVID-19
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1352
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