Record energy efficiency of single mode 940 nm VCSELs at 100+ Gbps under PAM4 modulation
Record energy efficiency of 97 fJ bit ^−1 of 940 nm single mode VCSELs for four level pulse amplitude modulation at 100 Gbps across 100 meters of OM5 multimode lensed fiber at 25 °C is demonstrated. This value is, to the best of our knowledge, the best energy efficiency at such large modulation rate...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | JPhys Photonics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/adf166 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849418275280125952 |
|---|---|
| author | Ilya A Derebezov Zi-Heng Zhou Mansoor A Maricar Yu-Hao Wang Xing-Chen Ai Georgy A Sapunov Si-Cong Tian Dieter Bimberg |
| author_facet | Ilya A Derebezov Zi-Heng Zhou Mansoor A Maricar Yu-Hao Wang Xing-Chen Ai Georgy A Sapunov Si-Cong Tian Dieter Bimberg |
| author_sort | Ilya A Derebezov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Record energy efficiency of 97 fJ bit ^−1 of 940 nm single mode VCSELs for four level pulse amplitude modulation at 100 Gbps across 100 meters of OM5 multimode lensed fiber at 25 °C is demonstrated. This value is, to the best of our knowledge, the best energy efficiency at such large modulation rates and distances reported in literature so far. As compared to previous VCSEL designs of us, the number and the design of the mirrors and quantum wells are optimized and the peak gain/ distributed Bragg reflectors max transmission is set to −15 nm. Employing these VCSELs in next generation data centers will reduce considerably their power budget, which is controlled by the energy efficiency of the optical interconnects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7f17d20ff5884707a6794136b795f10c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2515-7647 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JPhys Photonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-7f17d20ff5884707a6794136b795f10c2025-08-20T03:32:28ZengIOP PublishingJPhys Photonics2515-76472025-01-017303503010.1088/2515-7647/adf166Record energy efficiency of single mode 940 nm VCSELs at 100+ Gbps under PAM4 modulationIlya A Derebezov0https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5708-1955Zi-Heng Zhou1Mansoor A Maricar2Yu-Hao Wang3Xing-Chen Ai4Georgy A Sapunov5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4314-2178Si-Cong Tian6https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3610-5993Dieter Bimberg7Bimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics & State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology , Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of ChinaBimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics & State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology , Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaBimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics & State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology , Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaBimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics & State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology , Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaBimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics & State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology , Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaBimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics & State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology , Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of ChinaBimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics & State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology , Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; Center of Nanophotonics , Institute of Solid-State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, Berlin, GermanyBimberg Chinese-German Center for Green Photonics & State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology , Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; Center of Nanophotonics , Institute of Solid-State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, Berlin, GermanyRecord energy efficiency of 97 fJ bit ^−1 of 940 nm single mode VCSELs for four level pulse amplitude modulation at 100 Gbps across 100 meters of OM5 multimode lensed fiber at 25 °C is demonstrated. This value is, to the best of our knowledge, the best energy efficiency at such large modulation rates and distances reported in literature so far. As compared to previous VCSEL designs of us, the number and the design of the mirrors and quantum wells are optimized and the peak gain/ distributed Bragg reflectors max transmission is set to −15 nm. Employing these VCSELs in next generation data centers will reduce considerably their power budget, which is controlled by the energy efficiency of the optical interconnects.https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/adf166VCSELPAM-4energy efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Ilya A Derebezov Zi-Heng Zhou Mansoor A Maricar Yu-Hao Wang Xing-Chen Ai Georgy A Sapunov Si-Cong Tian Dieter Bimberg Record energy efficiency of single mode 940 nm VCSELs at 100+ Gbps under PAM4 modulation JPhys Photonics VCSEL PAM-4 energy efficiency |
| title | Record energy efficiency of single mode 940 nm VCSELs at 100+ Gbps under PAM4 modulation |
| title_full | Record energy efficiency of single mode 940 nm VCSELs at 100+ Gbps under PAM4 modulation |
| title_fullStr | Record energy efficiency of single mode 940 nm VCSELs at 100+ Gbps under PAM4 modulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Record energy efficiency of single mode 940 nm VCSELs at 100+ Gbps under PAM4 modulation |
| title_short | Record energy efficiency of single mode 940 nm VCSELs at 100+ Gbps under PAM4 modulation |
| title_sort | record energy efficiency of single mode 940 nm vcsels at 100 gbps under pam4 modulation |
| topic | VCSEL PAM-4 energy efficiency |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/adf166 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ilyaaderebezov recordenergyefficiencyofsinglemode940nmvcselsat100gbpsunderpam4modulation AT zihengzhou recordenergyefficiencyofsinglemode940nmvcselsat100gbpsunderpam4modulation AT mansooramaricar recordenergyefficiencyofsinglemode940nmvcselsat100gbpsunderpam4modulation AT yuhaowang recordenergyefficiencyofsinglemode940nmvcselsat100gbpsunderpam4modulation AT xingchenai recordenergyefficiencyofsinglemode940nmvcselsat100gbpsunderpam4modulation AT georgyasapunov recordenergyefficiencyofsinglemode940nmvcselsat100gbpsunderpam4modulation AT sicongtian recordenergyefficiencyofsinglemode940nmvcselsat100gbpsunderpam4modulation AT dieterbimberg recordenergyefficiencyofsinglemode940nmvcselsat100gbpsunderpam4modulation |