Aβ‐reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment

Abstract Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque deposition, yet the role of amyloid‐reactive immune response in neurodegeneration remains unclear. We investigate amyloid‐reactive T cell levels in the Epidemiology of Mild Cognitive Impairment Study in...

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Main Authors: Yen‐Ling Chiu, Sui‐Hing Yan, Yang‐Teng Fan, Chiung‐Fang Chang, Ruo‐Wei Hung, Yi‐Chien Liu, TienYu Owen Yang, Yi‐Fang Chuang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70042
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author Yen‐Ling Chiu
Sui‐Hing Yan
Yang‐Teng Fan
Chiung‐Fang Chang
Ruo‐Wei Hung
Yi‐Chien Liu
TienYu Owen Yang
Yi‐Fang Chuang
author_facet Yen‐Ling Chiu
Sui‐Hing Yan
Yang‐Teng Fan
Chiung‐Fang Chang
Ruo‐Wei Hung
Yi‐Chien Liu
TienYu Owen Yang
Yi‐Fang Chuang
author_sort Yen‐Ling Chiu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque deposition, yet the role of amyloid‐reactive immune response in neurodegeneration remains unclear. We investigate amyloid‐reactive T cell levels in the Epidemiology of Mild Cognitive Impairment Study in Taiwan (EMCIT) and Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (TPMIC) cohorts. Method Using diverse amyloid peptide formulations, we established a polyfunctionality assay for five T cell functions and compared mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients to control subjects in both cohorts. Results In both cohorts, MCI individuals exhibit higher amyloid‐reactive T cell responses than controls. In the TPMIC cohort, CD4+ and CD8+ total response frequencies are notably elevated in MCI (CD4: 1.3%, CD8: 1.91%) versus controls (CD4: 0.15%, CD8: 0.28%; both p < 0.001). Amyloid‐reactive T cell response outperforms plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181) in discriminating MCI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve CD4+: 0.97; CD8+: 0.96; p‐tau181: 0.72; both p < 0.001). Discussion Amyloid‐reactive T cell polyfunctional response distinguishes MCI from normal aging and could serve as a novel MCI biomarker. Highlights Amyloid‐reactive polyfunctional T cell responses can be detected in the peripheral circulation. Amyloid‐reactive T cell response is significantly enhanced in individuals with mild cognitive impairment compared to age‐matched, cognitively unimpaired individuals. The unique discriminative accuracy of amyloid‐reactive T cell response is significantly higher than phosphorylated tau181 and is not a result of overall T cell hyperreactivity. Future studies are needed to determine the predictive role of amyloid‐reactive T cell responses in disease progression and if the amyloid‐reactive immune response could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegeneration.
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series Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
spelling doaj-art-7f0bf40efc6a4cd0a2cb4594340883252025-08-20T02:49:21ZengWileyAlzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring2352-87292025-01-01171n/an/a10.1002/dad2.70042Aβ‐reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairmentYen‐Ling Chiu0Sui‐Hing Yan1Yang‐Teng Fan2Chiung‐Fang Chang3Ruo‐Wei Hung4Yi‐Chien Liu5TienYu Owen Yang6Yi‐Fang Chuang7Graduate Institute of Medicine Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City TaiwanDepartment of Neurology Far Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei City TaiwanGraduate Institute of Medicine Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research Far Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research Far Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei TaiwanDepartment of Neurology Cardinal Tien Hospital New Taipei City TaiwanScience Officer, Cancer Epidemiology Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford Oxford UKDepartment of Psychiatry Far Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei City TaiwanAbstract Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque deposition, yet the role of amyloid‐reactive immune response in neurodegeneration remains unclear. We investigate amyloid‐reactive T cell levels in the Epidemiology of Mild Cognitive Impairment Study in Taiwan (EMCIT) and Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (TPMIC) cohorts. Method Using diverse amyloid peptide formulations, we established a polyfunctionality assay for five T cell functions and compared mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients to control subjects in both cohorts. Results In both cohorts, MCI individuals exhibit higher amyloid‐reactive T cell responses than controls. In the TPMIC cohort, CD4+ and CD8+ total response frequencies are notably elevated in MCI (CD4: 1.3%, CD8: 1.91%) versus controls (CD4: 0.15%, CD8: 0.28%; both p < 0.001). Amyloid‐reactive T cell response outperforms plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181) in discriminating MCI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve CD4+: 0.97; CD8+: 0.96; p‐tau181: 0.72; both p < 0.001). Discussion Amyloid‐reactive T cell polyfunctional response distinguishes MCI from normal aging and could serve as a novel MCI biomarker. Highlights Amyloid‐reactive polyfunctional T cell responses can be detected in the peripheral circulation. Amyloid‐reactive T cell response is significantly enhanced in individuals with mild cognitive impairment compared to age‐matched, cognitively unimpaired individuals. The unique discriminative accuracy of amyloid‐reactive T cell response is significantly higher than phosphorylated tau181 and is not a result of overall T cell hyperreactivity. Future studies are needed to determine the predictive role of amyloid‐reactive T cell responses in disease progression and if the amyloid‐reactive immune response could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegeneration.https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70042amyloidmild cognitive impairmentT cell response
spellingShingle Yen‐Ling Chiu
Sui‐Hing Yan
Yang‐Teng Fan
Chiung‐Fang Chang
Ruo‐Wei Hung
Yi‐Chien Liu
TienYu Owen Yang
Yi‐Fang Chuang
Aβ‐reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment
Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
amyloid
mild cognitive impairment
T cell response
title Aβ‐reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment
title_full Aβ‐reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment
title_fullStr Aβ‐reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment
title_full_unstemmed Aβ‐reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment
title_short Aβ‐reactive T cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment
title_sort aβ reactive t cell polyfunctionality response as a new biomarker for mild cognitive impairment
topic amyloid
mild cognitive impairment
T cell response
url https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70042
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