Socioeconomic inequalities and dyslipidaemia in adult population of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study: the role of sex and age

Objectives This study represents a pioneering attempt to quantify the contribution of age, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) to the observed inequalities in lipid profile components.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting The data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study were us...

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Main Authors: Farid Najafi, Moslem Soofi, Neda Izadi, Reza Yari-Boroujeni, Mahdieh Niknam, Parisa Amiri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-11-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/11/e085035.full
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author Farid Najafi
Moslem Soofi
Neda Izadi
Reza Yari-Boroujeni
Mahdieh Niknam
Parisa Amiri
author_facet Farid Najafi
Moslem Soofi
Neda Izadi
Reza Yari-Boroujeni
Mahdieh Niknam
Parisa Amiri
author_sort Farid Najafi
collection DOAJ
description Objectives This study represents a pioneering attempt to quantify the contribution of age, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) to the observed inequalities in lipid profile components.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting The data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study were used.Participants 10 000 individuals aged 35–65 years.Main outcome measures Principal component analysis was used to determine the SES of individuals. Using the concentration index (C-index) and curves, the study assessed socioeconomic inequalities in dyslipidaemia in different age groups and genders. Decomposition analysis was used to determine the contribution of sex, age and SES to the observed inequality in the prevalence of dyslipidaemia components between the wealthiest and poorest groups.Results The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 72.39% of the population and was significantly higher in women than in men (excluding hypertriglyceridaemia). Overall, no significant SES-based inequality in dyslipidaemia was observed (C-index=−0.045, p=0.116), but after adjustment for age and sex, individuals with high SES had increased odds of dyslipidaemia (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.31). Hypercholesterolaemia and hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were more common in individuals with lower SES (C-index=−0.117 and −0.105), while hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was more prevalent in individuals with higher SES (C-index=0.029), regardless of adjustment for age, sex and confounding factors. SES played a significant role in hypercholesterolaemia and hyper-LDL (322.11% and 400.14%), while sex dominated in hypertriglyceridaemia and hypo-HDL (814.05% and −615.26%) and contributed to the existing inequalities.Conclusion The results highlight the existing inequalities in lipid profiles due to SES, sex and age. Consideration of these factors in interventions and policy decisions is critical to reduce abnormalities and inform future interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-7f0a50fd945d4ab896a8d5ceb28091a92025-08-20T02:49:53ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552024-11-01141110.1136/bmjopen-2024-085035Socioeconomic inequalities and dyslipidaemia in adult population of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study: the role of sex and ageFarid Najafi0Moslem Soofi1Neda Izadi2Reza Yari-Boroujeni3Mahdieh Niknam4Parisa Amiri5Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)Objectives This study represents a pioneering attempt to quantify the contribution of age, sex and socioeconomic status (SES) to the observed inequalities in lipid profile components.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting The data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study were used.Participants 10 000 individuals aged 35–65 years.Main outcome measures Principal component analysis was used to determine the SES of individuals. Using the concentration index (C-index) and curves, the study assessed socioeconomic inequalities in dyslipidaemia in different age groups and genders. Decomposition analysis was used to determine the contribution of sex, age and SES to the observed inequality in the prevalence of dyslipidaemia components between the wealthiest and poorest groups.Results The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 72.39% of the population and was significantly higher in women than in men (excluding hypertriglyceridaemia). Overall, no significant SES-based inequality in dyslipidaemia was observed (C-index=−0.045, p=0.116), but after adjustment for age and sex, individuals with high SES had increased odds of dyslipidaemia (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.31). Hypercholesterolaemia and hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were more common in individuals with lower SES (C-index=−0.117 and −0.105), while hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was more prevalent in individuals with higher SES (C-index=0.029), regardless of adjustment for age, sex and confounding factors. SES played a significant role in hypercholesterolaemia and hyper-LDL (322.11% and 400.14%), while sex dominated in hypertriglyceridaemia and hypo-HDL (814.05% and −615.26%) and contributed to the existing inequalities.Conclusion The results highlight the existing inequalities in lipid profiles due to SES, sex and age. Consideration of these factors in interventions and policy decisions is critical to reduce abnormalities and inform future interventions.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/11/e085035.full
spellingShingle Farid Najafi
Moslem Soofi
Neda Izadi
Reza Yari-Boroujeni
Mahdieh Niknam
Parisa Amiri
Socioeconomic inequalities and dyslipidaemia in adult population of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study: the role of sex and age
BMJ Open
title Socioeconomic inequalities and dyslipidaemia in adult population of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study: the role of sex and age
title_full Socioeconomic inequalities and dyslipidaemia in adult population of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study: the role of sex and age
title_fullStr Socioeconomic inequalities and dyslipidaemia in adult population of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study: the role of sex and age
title_full_unstemmed Socioeconomic inequalities and dyslipidaemia in adult population of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study: the role of sex and age
title_short Socioeconomic inequalities and dyslipidaemia in adult population of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study: the role of sex and age
title_sort socioeconomic inequalities and dyslipidaemia in adult population of the ravansar non communicable disease cohort study the role of sex and age
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/11/e085035.full
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