Time-Domain ADC and Security Co-Design for SiP-Based Wireless SAW Sensor Readers

The signal-processing architecture of passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors presents significant implementation challenges due to its radar-like operational principle and the inherent complexity of discrete component-based hardware design. While System-in-Package (SiP) has demonstrated remarka...

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Main Authors: Zhen Mao, Bing Li, Linning Peng, Jinghe Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4308
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author Zhen Mao
Bing Li
Linning Peng
Jinghe Wei
author_facet Zhen Mao
Bing Li
Linning Peng
Jinghe Wei
author_sort Zhen Mao
collection DOAJ
description The signal-processing architecture of passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors presents significant implementation challenges due to its radar-like operational principle and the inherent complexity of discrete component-based hardware design. While System-in-Package (SiP) has demonstrated remarkable success in miniaturizing electronic systems for smartphones, automotive electronics, and IoT applications, its potential for revolutionizing SAW sensor interrogator design remains underexplored. This paper presents a novel architecture that synergistically combines time-domain ADC design with SiP-based miniaturization to achieve unprecedented simplification of SAW sensor readout systems. The proposed time-domain ADC incorporates an innovative delay chain calibration methodology that integrates physical unclonable function (PUF) principles during time-to-digital converter (TDC) characterization, enabling the simultaneous generation of unique system IDs. The experimental results demonstrate that the integrated security mechanism provides variable-length bit entropy for device authentication, and has a reliability of 97.56 and uniqueness of 49.43, with 53.28 uniformity, effectively addressing vulnerability concerns in distributed sensor networks. The proposed SiP is especially suitable for space-constrained IoT applications requiring robust physical-layer security. This work advances the state-of-the-art wireless sensor interfaces by demonstrating how time-domain signal processing and advanced packaging technologies can be co-optimized to address performance and security challenges in next-generation sensor systems.
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spelling doaj-art-7f092422c3c647f68baf1dead3cab6e22025-08-20T03:56:45ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514430810.3390/s25144308Time-Domain ADC and Security Co-Design for SiP-Based Wireless SAW Sensor ReadersZhen Mao0Bing Li1Linning Peng2Jinghe Wei3School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaSchool of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, ChinaChina Electronics Technology Group Corporation No. 58 Research Institute, Wuxi 214072, ChinaThe signal-processing architecture of passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors presents significant implementation challenges due to its radar-like operational principle and the inherent complexity of discrete component-based hardware design. While System-in-Package (SiP) has demonstrated remarkable success in miniaturizing electronic systems for smartphones, automotive electronics, and IoT applications, its potential for revolutionizing SAW sensor interrogator design remains underexplored. This paper presents a novel architecture that synergistically combines time-domain ADC design with SiP-based miniaturization to achieve unprecedented simplification of SAW sensor readout systems. The proposed time-domain ADC incorporates an innovative delay chain calibration methodology that integrates physical unclonable function (PUF) principles during time-to-digital converter (TDC) characterization, enabling the simultaneous generation of unique system IDs. The experimental results demonstrate that the integrated security mechanism provides variable-length bit entropy for device authentication, and has a reliability of 97.56 and uniqueness of 49.43, with 53.28 uniformity, effectively addressing vulnerability concerns in distributed sensor networks. The proposed SiP is especially suitable for space-constrained IoT applications requiring robust physical-layer security. This work advances the state-of-the-art wireless sensor interfaces by demonstrating how time-domain signal processing and advanced packaging technologies can be co-optimized to address performance and security challenges in next-generation sensor systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4308surface acoustic waveSystem in Packagewireless sensorphysically unclonable functionhardware security
spellingShingle Zhen Mao
Bing Li
Linning Peng
Jinghe Wei
Time-Domain ADC and Security Co-Design for SiP-Based Wireless SAW Sensor Readers
Sensors
surface acoustic wave
System in Package
wireless sensor
physically unclonable function
hardware security
title Time-Domain ADC and Security Co-Design for SiP-Based Wireless SAW Sensor Readers
title_full Time-Domain ADC and Security Co-Design for SiP-Based Wireless SAW Sensor Readers
title_fullStr Time-Domain ADC and Security Co-Design for SiP-Based Wireless SAW Sensor Readers
title_full_unstemmed Time-Domain ADC and Security Co-Design for SiP-Based Wireless SAW Sensor Readers
title_short Time-Domain ADC and Security Co-Design for SiP-Based Wireless SAW Sensor Readers
title_sort time domain adc and security co design for sip based wireless saw sensor readers
topic surface acoustic wave
System in Package
wireless sensor
physically unclonable function
hardware security
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4308
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AT bingli timedomainadcandsecuritycodesignforsipbasedwirelesssawsensorreaders
AT linningpeng timedomainadcandsecuritycodesignforsipbasedwirelesssawsensorreaders
AT jinghewei timedomainadcandsecuritycodesignforsipbasedwirelesssawsensorreaders