The status of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with nervous distemper

Abstract Background Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a multisystemic disease in dogs that causes severe neurological signs due to viral replication in neurons and glial cells; this leads to gray matter lesions and demyelination. The resulting inflammation causes additional harm to the affected tissue...

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Main Authors: Marjan Mahmoodabadi, Hadi Mohebalian, Ali Asghar Sarchahi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04793-x
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author Marjan Mahmoodabadi
Hadi Mohebalian
Ali Asghar Sarchahi
author_facet Marjan Mahmoodabadi
Hadi Mohebalian
Ali Asghar Sarchahi
author_sort Marjan Mahmoodabadi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a multisystemic disease in dogs that causes severe neurological signs due to viral replication in neurons and glial cells; this leads to gray matter lesions and demyelination. The resulting inflammation causes additional harm to the affected tissues. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6) levels in Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the neurological form of distemper disease in dogs. Results The study included 23 CDV-infected dogs with neurological signs, 10 diseased but CDV-negative (non-infected) dogs, and 12 healthy controls. CSF samples were analyzed using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for CDV sequences and the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for quantifying IL-6 and TNF-α levels. While a significant increase in CSF cytokine levels was observed between the CDV-infected and healthy controls, no significant differences were detected between the CDV-infected and non-infected diseased groups. Conclusions The elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the CSF of dogs with nervous distemper suggest their involvement in disease pathogenesis. However, their lack of specificity limits their use as reliable diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing nervous distemper from other neurological conditions in dogs. Further research is needed to identify more accurate and specific biomarkers for the precise diagnosis and effective management of CDV infection.
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spelling doaj-art-7eeec3e07a084cedafd79b3142459ee12025-08-20T03:48:02ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-05-0121111010.1186/s12917-025-04793-xThe status of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with nervous distemperMarjan Mahmoodabadi0Hadi Mohebalian1Ali Asghar Sarchahi2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of MashhadFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Ferdowsi University of MashhadFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of MashhadAbstract Background Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a multisystemic disease in dogs that causes severe neurological signs due to viral replication in neurons and glial cells; this leads to gray matter lesions and demyelination. The resulting inflammation causes additional harm to the affected tissues. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6) levels in Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the neurological form of distemper disease in dogs. Results The study included 23 CDV-infected dogs with neurological signs, 10 diseased but CDV-negative (non-infected) dogs, and 12 healthy controls. CSF samples were analyzed using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for CDV sequences and the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for quantifying IL-6 and TNF-α levels. While a significant increase in CSF cytokine levels was observed between the CDV-infected and healthy controls, no significant differences were detected between the CDV-infected and non-infected diseased groups. Conclusions The elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the CSF of dogs with nervous distemper suggest their involvement in disease pathogenesis. However, their lack of specificity limits their use as reliable diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing nervous distemper from other neurological conditions in dogs. Further research is needed to identify more accurate and specific biomarkers for the precise diagnosis and effective management of CDV infection.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04793-xDistemperNeurological signsCerebrospinal fluidsPro-inflammatory cytokines
spellingShingle Marjan Mahmoodabadi
Hadi Mohebalian
Ali Asghar Sarchahi
The status of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with nervous distemper
BMC Veterinary Research
Distemper
Neurological signs
Cerebrospinal fluids
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
title The status of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with nervous distemper
title_full The status of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with nervous distemper
title_fullStr The status of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with nervous distemper
title_full_unstemmed The status of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with nervous distemper
title_short The status of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with nervous distemper
title_sort status of pro inflammatory cytokines tnf α and il 6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with nervous distemper
topic Distemper
Neurological signs
Cerebrospinal fluids
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04793-x
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