Risk factors associated with low back pain in rowers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent injury among rowers, impacting their careers and potentially causing disability. However, the risk factors for LBP in rowers are still unclear, with most existing studies focusing on individual factors and lacking comprehensive meta-analyses. Me...

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Main Authors: Xu Ze, Shuo Zhang, Xingnian Long, Peng Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01153-y
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author Xu Ze
Shuo Zhang
Xingnian Long
Peng Zhou
author_facet Xu Ze
Shuo Zhang
Xingnian Long
Peng Zhou
author_sort Xu Ze
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent injury among rowers, impacting their careers and potentially causing disability. However, the risk factors for LBP in rowers are still unclear, with most existing studies focusing on individual factors and lacking comprehensive meta-analyses. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, conducted comprehensive searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medrxiv without publication date restrictions. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses assessed result robustness by excluding individual studies, and meta-regression explored potential heterogeneity sources. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024590865). Results A total of 2,081articles were retrieved, and 10 studies (N = 2,082) were included in the analysis after screening. These comprised 7 cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies, with an average quality score of 7.4. Meta-analysis results showed that age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.98–1.12), sex (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.63–2.95), BMI (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.91–1.11), competitive level (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.86–2.45), training volume (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.83–1.91), rowing type (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.21–2.25), and Number of years rowing (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92–1.13) were not significantly associated with low back pain (LBP) in rowers. In contrast, a history of previous LBP (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.86–3.78) was significantly associated with LBP in this population. Conclusion Previous low back pain (LBP) is significantly associated with LBP in rowers. Future work requires more high-quality prospective studies to elucidate risk factors and support evidence-based prevention and rehabilitation strategies for rowers.
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spelling doaj-art-7ee9ecf9850d4490ba8f49c2112eccd72025-08-20T04:01:35ZengBMCBMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation2052-18472025-07-0117111110.1186/s13102-025-01153-yRisk factors associated with low back pain in rowers: a systematic review and meta-analysisXu Ze0Shuo Zhang1Xingnian Long2Peng Zhou3Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Engineering and TechnologyWuHan Sport UniversityWuHan Sport UniversityWuHan Sport UniversityAbstract Background Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent injury among rowers, impacting their careers and potentially causing disability. However, the risk factors for LBP in rowers are still unclear, with most existing studies focusing on individual factors and lacking comprehensive meta-analyses. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, conducted comprehensive searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medrxiv without publication date restrictions. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses assessed result robustness by excluding individual studies, and meta-regression explored potential heterogeneity sources. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024590865). Results A total of 2,081articles were retrieved, and 10 studies (N = 2,082) were included in the analysis after screening. These comprised 7 cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies, with an average quality score of 7.4. Meta-analysis results showed that age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.98–1.12), sex (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.63–2.95), BMI (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.91–1.11), competitive level (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.86–2.45), training volume (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.83–1.91), rowing type (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.21–2.25), and Number of years rowing (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92–1.13) were not significantly associated with low back pain (LBP) in rowers. In contrast, a history of previous LBP (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.86–3.78) was significantly associated with LBP in this population. Conclusion Previous low back pain (LBP) is significantly associated with LBP in rowers. Future work requires more high-quality prospective studies to elucidate risk factors and support evidence-based prevention and rehabilitation strategies for rowers.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01153-yWater sportsAthletesLow back painRisk factorsPrevalence
spellingShingle Xu Ze
Shuo Zhang
Xingnian Long
Peng Zhou
Risk factors associated with low back pain in rowers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation
Water sports
Athletes
Low back pain
Risk factors
Prevalence
title Risk factors associated with low back pain in rowers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Risk factors associated with low back pain in rowers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Risk factors associated with low back pain in rowers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors associated with low back pain in rowers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Risk factors associated with low back pain in rowers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort risk factors associated with low back pain in rowers a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Water sports
Athletes
Low back pain
Risk factors
Prevalence
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01153-y
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AT xingnianlong riskfactorsassociatedwithlowbackpaininrowersasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis
AT pengzhou riskfactorsassociatedwithlowbackpaininrowersasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis