Determination of PAH Contamination in Breast Milk Samples from Hungarian Volunteering Mothers, Using HPLC–FLD
(1) The evidence is mounting that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hazardous organic compounds with established carcinogenic and toxic properties. Humans may be exposed to PAHs through several different routes, including diet, inhalation, and dermal contact. There is also a pos...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Bernard Collins Anditi Viktória Poór Dénes Szerencsés István Szabó Mátyás Wahr Anikó Kőnig-Péter Timea Dergez |
| author_facet | Bernard Collins Anditi Viktória Poór Dénes Szerencsés István Szabó Mátyás Wahr Anikó Kőnig-Péter Timea Dergez |
| author_sort | Bernard Collins Anditi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) The evidence is mounting that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hazardous organic compounds with established carcinogenic and toxic properties. Humans may be exposed to PAHs through several different routes, including diet, inhalation, and dermal contact. There is also a possibility that they could transfer into breast milk following maternal exposure, which could potentially endanger breastfeeding infants. (2) The objective of this study was to ascertain the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in breast milk samples from 50 Hungarian mothers, employing high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC–FLD). An Incremental Life Risk Calculation (IRCL) model estimated the carcinogenic risk to infants. (3) Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0 to 78 ng/mL, with fluorene (5.3 ng/mL), phenanthrene (3.2 ng/mL), and pyrene (2.5 ng/mL) being the most abundant. PAHs were detected in 48 of the 50 samples, with phenanthrene present in 92% of samples. Dibenzo (a,h)anthracene was not detected. (4) According to the model measurements, most of the samples were within acceptable risk levels; however, 2 samples out of 50 posed a higher risk. Statistical analysis of questionnaires completed by the mothers indicated that factors such as diet, residence, and education may influence PAH levels in breast milk. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7ee18b64db524ebebc470484dfbb4755 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-7ee18b64db524ebebc470484dfbb47552025-08-20T02:14:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-10-012921506010.3390/molecules29215060Determination of PAH Contamination in Breast Milk Samples from Hungarian Volunteering Mothers, Using HPLC–FLDBernard Collins Anditi0Viktória Poór1Dénes Szerencsés2István Szabó3Mátyás Wahr4Anikó Kőnig-Péter5Timea Dergez6Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, HungaryInstitute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, HungaryDoctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Environmental Toxicology, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryInstitute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, HungaryInstitute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, HungaryInstitute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary(1) The evidence is mounting that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hazardous organic compounds with established carcinogenic and toxic properties. Humans may be exposed to PAHs through several different routes, including diet, inhalation, and dermal contact. There is also a possibility that they could transfer into breast milk following maternal exposure, which could potentially endanger breastfeeding infants. (2) The objective of this study was to ascertain the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in breast milk samples from 50 Hungarian mothers, employing high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC–FLD). An Incremental Life Risk Calculation (IRCL) model estimated the carcinogenic risk to infants. (3) Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0 to 78 ng/mL, with fluorene (5.3 ng/mL), phenanthrene (3.2 ng/mL), and pyrene (2.5 ng/mL) being the most abundant. PAHs were detected in 48 of the 50 samples, with phenanthrene present in 92% of samples. Dibenzo (a,h)anthracene was not detected. (4) According to the model measurements, most of the samples were within acceptable risk levels; however, 2 samples out of 50 posed a higher risk. Statistical analysis of questionnaires completed by the mothers indicated that factors such as diet, residence, and education may influence PAH levels in breast milk.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/21/5060polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)HPLC–FLDbreast milktotal PAHsincremental life risk calculation (IRCL) |
| spellingShingle | Bernard Collins Anditi Viktória Poór Dénes Szerencsés István Szabó Mátyás Wahr Anikó Kőnig-Péter Timea Dergez Determination of PAH Contamination in Breast Milk Samples from Hungarian Volunteering Mothers, Using HPLC–FLD Molecules polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) HPLC–FLD breast milk total PAHs incremental life risk calculation (IRCL) |
| title | Determination of PAH Contamination in Breast Milk Samples from Hungarian Volunteering Mothers, Using HPLC–FLD |
| title_full | Determination of PAH Contamination in Breast Milk Samples from Hungarian Volunteering Mothers, Using HPLC–FLD |
| title_fullStr | Determination of PAH Contamination in Breast Milk Samples from Hungarian Volunteering Mothers, Using HPLC–FLD |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of PAH Contamination in Breast Milk Samples from Hungarian Volunteering Mothers, Using HPLC–FLD |
| title_short | Determination of PAH Contamination in Breast Milk Samples from Hungarian Volunteering Mothers, Using HPLC–FLD |
| title_sort | determination of pah contamination in breast milk samples from hungarian volunteering mothers using hplc fld |
| topic | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) HPLC–FLD breast milk total PAHs incremental life risk calculation (IRCL) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/21/5060 |
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